महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-136, verse-12

लालप्यमानं तं दृष्ट्वा मुनयः पुनरार्तवत् ।
ऊचुर्वेदोक्तया पूर्वं गाथया तन्निबोध मे ॥१२॥

12. lālapyamānaṁ taṁ dṛṣṭvā munayaḥ punarārtavat ,
ūcurvedoktayā pūrvaṁ gāthayā tannibodha me.

12. lālapyamānam tam dṛṣṭvā munayaḥ punaḥ ārtavat
ūcuḥ vedoktayā pūrvam gāthayā tat nibodha me

12. Seeing him intensely lamenting, the sages again spoke to him compassionately with a verse formerly stated in the Veda. (They said,) "Understand that from me."

Words meanings summery:

• लालप्यमानम् (lālapyamānam) - the father, Medhāvī, intensely lamenting his dead son (intensely lamenting, crying loudly, wailing)

• तम् (tam) - the lamenting father, Medhāvī (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, furthermore

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - compassionately (towards the distressed father) (like a distressed person, compassionately, pitifully)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - spoke, said

• वेदोक्तया (vedoktayā) - spoken in the Veda, declared by the Veda

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• गाथया (gāthayā) - with a verse, song, hymn

• तत् (tat) - that teaching or instruction which the sages are about to give (that)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• मे (me) - from me (the speaker, i.e., the sages) (from me, to me, for me)

Words meanings and morphology

लालप्यमानम् (lālapyamānam) - the father, Medhāvī, intensely lamenting his dead son (intensely lamenting, crying loudly, wailing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lālapy

lap - to lament, to speak, to wail

Intensive Present Participle

Accusative singular masculine of the Present Participle (Ātmanepada) from the intensive (yaṅlugantā) form of √lap. Intensive stem: lālapyā.

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'.

तम् (tam) - the lamenting father, Medhāvī (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Object of the absolutive 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the act of seeing with the sages' speech.

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

Root: man

Note: Subject of 'ūcuḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, furthermore

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a new action or repetition in the narrative.

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - compassionately (towards the distressed father) (like a distressed person, compassionately, pitifully)

(indeclinable)

Formed from ārta (distressed) with the suffix -vat.

Note: Describes the manner of the sages' speech.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Past Perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

3rd person plural Perfect of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

वेदोक्तया (vedoktayā) - spoken in the Veda, declared by the Veda

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vedokta

vedokta - spoken in the Veda, declared by the Veda, enjoined in the Veda

Past Passive Participle

Compound of Veda (Veda) + ukta (Past Passive Participle of √vac).

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+ukta)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ukta – said, spoken, told
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √vac.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'gāthayā'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Here used adverbially (accusative singular neuter of adjective).

Note: Modifies 'vedoktayā'.

गाथया (gāthayā) - with a verse, song, hymn

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, hymn, stanza

From √gai (to sing).

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: The means by which the sages spoke.

तत् (tat) - that teaching or instruction which the sages are about to give (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative

2nd person singular Imperative Parasmaipada of √budh (to know) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: An instruction from the sages to the father.

मे (me) - from me (the speaker, i.e., the sages) (from me, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used here to mean 'from me' or 'by me' in context of imparting knowledge. (Often equivalent to dative/genitive in meaning).