महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-37, verse-4

यज्ञस्य च न विघ्नः स्यात्प्रजानां च शिवं भवेत् ।
यथा सर्वत्र तत्सर्वं ब्रूहि मेऽद्य पितामह ॥४॥

4. yajñasya ca na vighnaḥ syātprajānāṁ ca śivaṁ bhavet ,
yathā sarvatra tatsarvaṁ brūhi me'dya pitāmaha.

4. yajñasya ca na vighnaḥ syāt prajānām ca śivam bhavet
yathā sarvatra tat sarvam brūhi me adya pitāmaha

4. pitāmaha adya me brūhi yathā tat sarvam sarvatra
yajñasya ca na vighnaḥ syāt ca prajānām śivam bhavet

4. O Grandfather, tell me today how all this can be ensured everywhere, so that there are no impediments to the Vedic ritual (yajña) and welfare prevails among the people.

Words meanings summery:

• यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the Vedic ritual (yajña) (of the Vedic ritual, of the offering, of the sacrifice)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विघ्नः (vighnaḥ) - impediment (obstacle, impediment, hindrance)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, let it be)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people (of the people, of the subjects, of the creatures)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शिवम् (śivam) - welfare (welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune, happiness)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should prevail, should be (may be, should be, let it be, may happen)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how, in which way)

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, always)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the combined welfare and lack of obstacles) (that, this, it)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (referring to the aforementioned conditions) (all, whole, entire)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak, say)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (grandfather, Brahma (the creator god))

Words meanings and morphology

यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the Vedic ritual (yajña) (of the Vedic ritual, of the offering, of the sacrifice)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, offering, sacrifice, worship

From root `yaj` (to worship, offer) + `na` suffix.

Root: yaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विघ्नः (vighnaḥ) - impediment (obstacle, impediment, hindrance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vighna

vighna - obstacle, impediment, hindrance, interruption

From `vi` + root `han` (to strike, obstruct) + `na` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative mood, active voice

3rd person singular present optative active of root `as`.

Root: as (class 2)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people (of the people, of the subjects, of the creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, offspring, creatures

From `pra` + root `jan` (to be born, produce) + `a` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शिवम् (śivam) - welfare (welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune, happiness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, propitious, benevolent, welfare, happiness

भवेत् (bhavet) - should prevail, should be (may be, should be, let it be, may happen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, active voice

3rd person singular present optative active of root `bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how, in which way)

(indeclinable)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, always)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `sarva` (all) + `tra` (suffix indicating place).

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the combined welfare and lack of obstacles) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Note: Refers to 'all that' (tat sarvam).

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (referring to the aforementioned conditions) (all, whole, entire)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

Note: Agrees with `tat`.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, active voice

2nd person singular present imperative active of root `brū` (also `bru`).

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of 1st person pronoun.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

From `idam` (this) + `dya` (suffix).

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (grandfather, Brahma (the creator god))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great father, Brahma (the creator god)

Compound of `pitṛ` (father) and `maha` (great), or `pitā` (father) and `maha`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)