महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-37, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः सागरसंकाशं दृष्ट्वा नृपतिसागरम् ।
रोषात्प्रचलितं सर्वमिदमाह युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ sāgarasaṁkāśaṁ dṛṣṭvā nṛpatisāgaram ,
roṣātpracalitaṁ sarvamidamāha yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ sāgarasaṃkāśam dṛṣṭvā
nṛpatisāgaram roṣāt pracalitam sarvam idam āha yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, upon seeing that entire ocean-like multitude of kings agitated with anger, Yudhishthira spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, as narration (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefore, from that)

• सागरसंकाशम् (sāgarasaṁkāśam) - resembling the ocean (in vastness and agitation) (ocean-like, resembling the ocean)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• नृपतिसागरम् (nṛpatisāgaram) - the multitude of kings (likened to an ocean) (ocean of kings, multitude of kings)

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - agitated due to anger (from anger, out of anger)

• प्रचलितम् (pracalitam) - agitated, deeply stirred (agitated, stirred, moved, trembling)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (that multitude of kings) (all, whole, entire, everything)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• आह (āha) - spoke (said, spoke)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, as narration (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (from root vac, which undergoes reduplication and internal changes for perfect forms)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas (ablative sense) applied to the pronoun 'tad'

सागरसंकाशम् (sāgarasaṁkāśam) - resembling the ocean (in vastness and agitation) (ocean-like, resembling the ocean)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgarasaṃkāśa

sāgarasaṁkāśa - ocean-like, resembling the ocean

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāgara+saṃkāśa)

• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resemblance, appearance, like
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛpatisāgaram in gender, number, and case.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive formed from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नृपतिसागरम् (nṛpatisāgaram) - the multitude of kings (likened to an ocean) (ocean of kings, multitude of kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpatisāgara

nṛpatisāgara - ocean of kings, multitude of kings

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nṛpati+sāgara)

• nṛpati – king, lord of men
  noun (masculine)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

रोषात् (roṣāt) - agitated due to anger (from anger, out of anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Denotes cause.

प्रचलितम् (pracalitam) - agitated, deeply stirred (agitated, stirred, moved, trembling)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pracalita

pracalita - agitated, stirred, moved, trembling

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root cal with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sarvam in gender, number, and case.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (that multitude of kings) (all, whole, entire, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire, everything

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā, referring to the collective nṛpatisāgaram.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Object of āha, referring to the speech that follows.

आह (āha) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (from root ah)

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Equivalent to uvāca.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Compound 'steady in battle'

Compound type : aluk-saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of āha.