महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-37, verse-15

इति तस्य वचः श्रुत्वा ततश्चेदिपतिर्नृपः ।
भीष्मं रूक्षाक्षरा वाचः श्रावयामास भारत ॥१५॥

15. iti tasya vacaḥ śrutvā tataścedipatirnṛpaḥ ,
bhīṣmaṁ rūkṣākṣarā vācaḥ śrāvayāmāsa bhārata.

15. iti tasya vacaḥ śrutvā tataḥ cedipatiḥ nṛpaḥ
bhīṣmam rūkṣākṣarāḥ vācaḥ śrāvayāmāsa bhārata

15. O descendant of Bharata (Bhārata), having thus heard his words, the King of Cedi (Cedipati) then spoke harsh words (rūkṣākṣarā vācaḥ) to Bhīṣma.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, after that (referring to what was just said) (thus, so, in this way)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Bhīṣma, who spoke the previous verses) (his, of him, of that)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

• चेदिपतिः (cedipatiḥ) - the King of Cedi (Śiśupāla) (lord of Cedi, king of Cedi)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (referring to Śiśupāla) (king, ruler)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - to Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper noun, accusative))

• रूक्षाक्षराः (rūkṣākṣarāḥ) - harsh words (harsh-lettered, harsh-worded, rough words)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (words, speeches, voices)

• श्रावयामास (śrāvayāmāsa) - spoke, caused to hear (caused to hear, recited, spoke)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Saṃjaya) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, after that (referring to what was just said) (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Bhīṣma, who spoke the previous verses) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root śru + ktvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Avyaya (indeclinable)

चेदिपतिः (cedipatiḥ) - the King of Cedi (Śiśupāla) (lord of Cedi, king of Cedi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cedipati

cedipati - lord of Cedi, king of Cedi (a specific ruler, Śiśupāla)

Compound type : tatpurusha (cedi+pati)

• cedi – name of an ancient kingdom/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, protector, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (referring to Śiśupāla) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pā – protector, to protect
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - to Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper noun, accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru patriarch, son of Gaṅgā)

Literally "terrible, formidable"

Note: Object of the action of speaking.

रूक्षाक्षराः (rūkṣākṣarāḥ) - harsh words (harsh-lettered, harsh-worded, rough words)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of rūkṣākṣara

rūkṣākṣara - harsh-lettered, rough-worded, containing harsh syllables

Compound of rūkṣa (harsh) and akṣara (letter, syllable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rūkṣa+akṣara)

• rūkṣa – harsh, rough, dry, rude
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣara – letter, syllable, imperishable, indestructible
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṣar (to flow, waste) with negative prefix a- (imperishable)
  Prefix: a
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vācaḥ.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (words, speeches, voices)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrāvayāmāsa.

श्रावयामास (śrāvayāmāsa) - spoke, caused to hear (caused to hear, recited, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śrāvaya

Perfect (liṭ), Causative Active

Formed from causative stem śrāvaya (from root śru) + āmāsa (perfect ending of kṛ in conjunction with a ṇic stem, known as periphrastic perfect).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: The auxiliary verb ās- (perfect of as, 'to be') is implicitly part of the periphrastic perfect ending.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Saṃjaya) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

Formed from bharata + aṇ suffix.