महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-11, verse-5

एतन्मण्डलमित्याहुराचार्या नीतिकोविदाः ।
अत्र षाड्गुण्यमायत्तं युधिष्ठिर निबोध तत् ॥५॥

5. etanmaṇḍalamityāhurācāryā nītikovidāḥ ,
atra ṣāḍguṇyamāyattaṁ yudhiṣṭhira nibodha tat.

5. etat maṇḍalam iti āhuḥ ācāryāḥ nītikovidāḥ
atra ṣāḍguṇyam āyattam yudhiṣṭhira nibodha tat

5. nītikovidāḥ ācāryāḥ etat maṇḍalam iti āhuḥ
atra yudhiṣṭhira tat ṣāḍguṇyam āyattam nibodha

5. Teachers who are experts in political science (nīti) call this the 'circle of states' (maṇḍala). O Yudhishthira, understand that within this (maṇḍala), the six-fold policy (ṣāḍguṇya) is fully applicable.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - the 'circle of states' or 'maṇḍala' theory in political science (circle, sphere, region)

• इति (iti) - marks 'maṇḍalam' as a term or concept being defined (thus, so, denoting quotation)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - scholars or authorities in political science (teachers, preceptors)

• नीतिकोविदाः (nītikovidāḥ) - those knowledgeable in the art of governance and political strategy (experts in policy/statecraft)

• अत्र (atra) - within this 'maṇḍala' (circle of states) (here, in this (context))

• षाड्गुण्यम् (ṣāḍguṇyam) - the sixfold political policy (sandhi, vigraha, yāna, āsana, saṃśraya, dvaidhībhāva) (the sixfold policy, the group of six qualities)

• आयत्तम् (āyattam) - is fully applicable or depends (dependent, resting on, applicable, situated)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• तत् (tat) - that principle (of ṣāḍguṇya) (that)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to the concept being discussed, i.e., the maṇḍala.

मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - the 'circle of states' or 'maṇḍala' theory in political science (circle, sphere, region)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc, orb, sphere, administrative district, a circle of states (in Kautilya's Arthaśāstra)

इति (iti) - marks 'maṇḍalam' as a term or concept being defined (thus, so, denoting quotation)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of brū

Root 'ah' is used in the perfect tense forms of 'brū'.

Root: ah (class 2)

आचार्याः (ācāryāḥ) - scholars or authorities in political science (teachers, preceptors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, master, learned person

नीतिकोविदाः (nītikovidāḥ) - those knowledgeable in the art of governance and political strategy (experts in policy/statecraft)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nītikovida

nītikovida - expert in nīti (policy, conduct, statecraft)

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (nīti+kovida)

• nīti – guidance, conduct, political science, statecraft, policy
  noun (feminine)
• kovida – skilled, proficient, expert, wise
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used as a noun, referring to 'the experts in niti'.

अत्र (atra) - within this 'maṇḍala' (circle of states) (here, in this (context))

(indeclinable)

षाड्गुण्यम् (ṣāḍguṇyam) - the sixfold political policy (sandhi, vigraha, yāna, āsana, saṃśraya, dvaidhībhāva) (the sixfold policy, the group of six qualities)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ṣāḍguṇya

ṣāḍguṇya - the group of six qualities, the sixfold political policy (peace, war, marching, halting, seeking protection, duplicity)

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+guṇa)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, property, factor, strategic measure
  noun (masculine)

आयत्तम् (āyattam) - is fully applicable or depends (dependent, resting on, applicable, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyatta

āyatta - dependent, subject to, resting on, applicable, situated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root yam (to restrain, control) with the prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate to ṣāḍguṇyam.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, literally 'firm in battle')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, unmoving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that principle (of ṣāḍguṇya) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.