महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-11, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
मण्डलानि च बुध्येथाः परेषामात्मनस्तथा ।
उदासीनगुणानां च मध्यमानां तथैव च ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
maṇḍalāni ca budhyethāḥ pareṣāmātmanastathā ,
udāsīnaguṇānāṁ ca madhyamānāṁ tathaiva ca.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca maṇḍalāni ca budhyethāḥ pareṣām
ātmanaḥ tathā udāsīna-guṇānām ca madhyamānām tathā eva ca

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca (tvam) pareṣām ātmanaḥ ca udāsīna-guṇānām
ca madhyamānām ca maṇḍalāni tathā eva budhyethāḥ

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: You should understand the circles (maṇḍalāni) of states belonging to your adversaries and your own, and likewise those of the neutral powers and the intermediate (madhyamānām) states.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - The blind king Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra said (he said, he spoke)

• मण्डलानि (maṇḍalāni) - the circles (maṇḍalāni) of states or political alliances (circles, regions, spheres of influence)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• बुध्येथाः (budhyethāḥ) - you (the listener, presumably Yudhiṣṭhira) should understand (you should know, you should understand, you should discern)

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of your adversaries or other states (of others, of enemies)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of your own self or state (of oneself, one's own, of the self (ātman))

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (similarly, thus, so, and)

• उदासीन-गुणानाम् (udāsīna-guṇānām) - of the neutral states/powers (in the maṇḍala theory) (of those with neutral qualities, of neutral parties)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मध्यमानाम् (madhyamānām) - of the intermediate states/powers (in the maṇḍala theory) (of the middling, of the intermediate, of the mediators)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so, and)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - The blind king Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name, lit. 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound dhṛta (held) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root dhṛ 'to hold'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

मण्डलानि (maṇḍalāni) - the circles (maṇḍalāni) of states or political alliances (circles, regions, spheres of influence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, orb, region, territory, political circle of states

Note: Object of budhyethāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बुध्येथाः (budhyethāḥ) - you (the listener, presumably Yudhiṣṭhira) should understand (you should know, you should understand, you should discern)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of budh

optative mood

2nd person singular optative middle of root budh.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'you'.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of your adversaries or other states (of others, of enemies)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, superior

Note: Possessive, qualifying maṇḍalāni.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of your own self or state (of oneself, one's own, of the self (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)

Note: Possessive, qualifying maṇḍalāni.

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (similarly, thus, so, and)

(indeclinable)

उदासीन-गुणानाम् (udāsīna-guṇānām) - of the neutral states/powers (in the maṇḍala theory) (of those with neutral qualities, of neutral parties)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of udāsīna-guṇa

udāsīna-guṇa - one whose quality is neutral, a neutral person/state

Compound of udāsīna (indifferent, neutral) and guṇa (quality). Used substantively.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udāsīna+guṇa)

• udāsīna – indifferent, neutral, unconcerned
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From ud-ās 'to sit idly, to be indifferent'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: ās (class 2)
• guṇa – quality, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to neutral states or their rulers.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मध्यमानाम् (madhyamānām) - of the intermediate states/powers (in the maṇḍala theory) (of the middling, of the intermediate, of the mediators)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of madhyama

madhyama - middle, intermediate, middling, neutral

From madhya (middle).

Note: Used substantively, qualifying maṇḍalāni implicitly.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so, and)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the preceding word (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)