महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-37, verse-3

बलं शौर्यं मदो रोषो व्यायामकलहावपि ।
ईर्ष्येप्सा पैशुनं युद्धं ममत्वं परिपालनम् ॥३॥

3. balaṁ śauryaṁ mado roṣo vyāyāmakalahāvapi ,
īrṣyepsā paiśunaṁ yuddhaṁ mamatvaṁ paripālanam.

3. balam śauryaṃ madaḥ roṣaḥ vyāyāma kalahau api
īrṣyā īpsā paiśunam yuddham mamatvam paripālanam

3. balam śauryaṃ madaḥ roṣaḥ vyāyāma kalahau api
īrṣyā īpsā paiśunam yuddham mamatvam paripālanam

3. Strength, valor, arrogance, anger, and also physical exercise and quarrels, envy, fervent desire, malicious gossip, war, possessiveness, and diligent protection.

Words meanings summery:

• बलम् (balam) - physical strength or power (as a characteristic of rajas) (strength, power, force)

• शौर्यं (śauryaṁ) - valor or heroism (as a characteristic of rajas) (valor, heroism, bravery)

• मदः (madaḥ) - arrogance or pride (as a characteristic of rajas) (intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight)

• रोषः (roṣaḥ) - anger or wrath (as a characteristic of rajas) (anger, wrath, fury)

• व्यायाम (vyāyāma) - physical exercise (part of the dvandva compound 'exercise and quarrels') (exertion, effort, exercise)

• कलहौ (kalahau) - quarrels (part of the dvandva compound 'exercise and quarrels') (quarrel, dispute, contention (dual nominative))

• अपि (api) - also (emphasizing the preceding pair) (also, even, too)

• ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - envy or jealousy (as a characteristic of rajas) (envy, jealousy, ill-will)

• ईप्सा (īpsā) - fervent desire or strong wish (as a characteristic of rajas) (desire, wish, longing)

• पैशुनम् (paiśunam) - malicious gossip or tale-bearing (as a characteristic of rajas) (slander, backbiting, maliciousness)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war or fighting (as a characteristic of rajas) (war, battle, fight)

• ममत्वम् (mamatvam) - possessiveness or the sense of 'mine' (as a characteristic of rajas) (possessiveness, egoism, sense of 'mine')

• परिपालनम् (paripālanam) - diligent protection or maintenance (as a characteristic of rajas) (protection, preservation, guarding)

Words meanings and morphology

बलम् (balam) - physical strength or power (as a characteristic of rajas) (strength, power, force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

From root bal (to live, to breathe).

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

शौर्यं (śauryaṁ) - valor or heroism (as a characteristic of rajas) (valor, heroism, bravery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaurya

śaurya - valor, heroism, bravery, prowess

From śūra (hero, brave).

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

मदः (madaḥ) - arrogance or pride (as a characteristic of rajas) (intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mada

mada - intoxication, arrogance, pride, passion, delight

From root mad (to be intoxicated, rejoice, be proud).

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

रोषः (roṣaḥ) - anger or wrath (as a characteristic of rajas) (anger, wrath, fury)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, fury, indignation

From root ruṣ (to be angry).

Root: ruṣ (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

व्यायाम (vyāyāma) - physical exercise (part of the dvandva compound 'exercise and quarrels') (exertion, effort, exercise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāyāma

vyāyāma - exertion, effort, physical exercise, struggle

From root yam (to restrain, control) with prefixes vi-ā-.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

कलहौ (kalahau) - quarrels (part of the dvandva compound 'exercise and quarrels') (quarrel, dispute, contention (dual nominative))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kalaha

kalaha - quarrel, dispute, contention, strife

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

अपि (api) - also (emphasizing the preceding pair) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - envy or jealousy (as a characteristic of rajas) (envy, jealousy, ill-will)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of īrṣyā

īrṣyā - envy, jealousy, ill-will, malevolence

From root īrṣy (to envy).

Root: īrṣy

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

ईप्सा (īpsā) - fervent desire or strong wish (as a characteristic of rajas) (desire, wish, longing)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of īpsā

īpsā - desire, wish, longing, seeking to obtain

From desiderative stem of root āp (to obtain).

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

पैशुनम् (paiśunam) - malicious gossip or tale-bearing (as a characteristic of rajas) (slander, backbiting, maliciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paiśuna

paiśuna - slander, backbiting, maliciousness, treachery

From piśuna (malicious, wicked).

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war or fighting (as a characteristic of rajas) (war, battle, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight, combat

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight). Also functions as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

ममत्वम् (mamatvam) - possessiveness or the sense of 'mine' (as a characteristic of rajas) (possessiveness, egoism, sense of 'mine')

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mamatva

mamatva - possessiveness, egoism, the sense of 'mine', individuality

From mama (mine) with suffix -tva (abstract noun suffix).

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

परिपालनम् (paripālanam) - diligent protection or maintenance (as a characteristic of rajas) (protection, preservation, guarding)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paripālana

paripālana - protection, preservation, guarding, complete nourishing

From root pāl (to protect, nourish) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.