महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-37, verse-2

संघातो रूपमायासः सुखदुःखे हिमातपौ ।
ऐश्वर्यं विग्रहः संधिर्हेतुवादोऽरतिः क्षमा ॥२॥

2. saṁghāto rūpamāyāsaḥ sukhaduḥkhe himātapau ,
aiśvaryaṁ vigrahaḥ saṁdhirhetuvādo'ratiḥ kṣamā.

2. saṃghātaḥ rūpam āyāsaḥ sukhaduḥkhe hima ātapau
aiśvaryaṃ vigrahaḥ sandhiḥ hetuvādaḥ aratiḥ kṣamā

2. saṃghātaḥ rūpam āyāsaḥ sukhaduḥkhe hima ātapau
aiśvaryaṃ vigrahaḥ sandhiḥ hetuvādaḥ aratiḥ kṣamā

2. Combination, form, strenuous effort, pleasure and pain, cold and heat, dominion, conflict, reconciliation, reasoned argument, discontent, and forbearance.

Words meanings summery:

• संघातः (saṁghātaḥ) - the aggregation or combination of elements (as a characteristic of rajas) (aggregation, combination, collection, body)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - manifested form or appearance (as a characteristic of rajas) (form, appearance, beauty, nature)

• आयासः (āyāsaḥ) - strenuous effort or exertion (as a characteristic of rajas) (effort, exertion, fatigue, distress)

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - the pair of pleasure and pain (as a characteristic of rajas) (pleasure and pain)

• हिम (hima) - cold (part of the dvandva compound 'cold and heat') (cold, frost, snow)

• आतपौ (ātapau) - heat (part of the dvandva compound 'cold and heat') (heat, sunshine, warmth (dual nominative))

• ऐश्वर्यं (aiśvaryaṁ) - dominion or supreme power (as a characteristic of rajas) (sovereignty, power, dominion, wealth)

• विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict or hostility (as a characteristic of rajas) (separation, conflict, hostility, body)

• सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - reconciliation or peaceful agreement (as a characteristic of rajas) (union, conjunction, peace, treaty, grammatical sandhi)

• हेतुवादः (hetuvādaḥ) - reasoned argument or explanation (as a characteristic of rajas) (argumentation, reasoning, casuistry)

• अरतिः (aratiḥ) - discontent or lack of satisfaction (as a characteristic of rajas) (displeasure, aversion, discontent, uneasiness)

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - patience or forbearance (as a characteristic of rajas) (patience, forbearance, forgiveness, endurance, earth)

Words meanings and morphology

संघातः (saṁghātaḥ) - the aggregation or combination of elements (as a characteristic of rajas) (aggregation, combination, collection, body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃghāta

saṁghāta - aggregation, combination, collection, mass, body

From root han (to strike) with prefix sam-ghā (secondary root, often implies 'to bring together').

Prefix: sam

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

रूपम् (rūpam) - manifested form or appearance (as a characteristic of rajas) (form, appearance, beauty, nature)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, shape, beauty, nature

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

आयासः (āyāsaḥ) - strenuous effort or exertion (as a characteristic of rajas) (effort, exertion, fatigue, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyāsa

āyāsa - effort, exertion, fatigue, trouble, distress

From root yas (to strive, be weary) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: yas (class 4)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - the pair of pleasure and pain (as a characteristic of rajas) (pleasure and pain)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain, happiness and sorrow

Dvandva compound of sukha (pleasure) and duḥkha (pain).

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, joy, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, misery, difficulty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

हिम (hima) - cold (part of the dvandva compound 'cold and heat') (cold, frost, snow)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hima

hima - cold, frost, snow, winter

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

आतपौ (ātapau) - heat (part of the dvandva compound 'cold and heat') (heat, sunshine, warmth (dual nominative))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ātapa

ātapa - heat, sunshine, warmth, light

From root tap (to heat) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

ऐश्वर्यं (aiśvaryaṁ) - dominion or supreme power (as a characteristic of rajas) (sovereignty, power, dominion, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya

aiśvarya - sovereignty, power, dominion, wealth, supremacy

From īśvara (lord) with suffix -ya.

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict or hostility (as a characteristic of rajas) (separation, conflict, hostility, body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigraha

vigraha - separation, conflict, hostility, war, body, form

From root grah (to seize, grasp) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - reconciliation or peaceful agreement (as a characteristic of rajas) (union, conjunction, peace, treaty, grammatical sandhi)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, conjunction, peace, treaty, combination, grammatical euphonic change

From root dhā (to place) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

हेतुवादः (hetuvādaḥ) - reasoned argument or explanation (as a characteristic of rajas) (argumentation, reasoning, casuistry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hetuvāda

hetuvāda - argumentation, reasoning, casuistry, a logical doctrine

Tatpurusha compound of hetu (reason) and vāda (speech, doctrine).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hetu+vāda)

• hetu – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (masculine)
  From root hi (to send, to move).
  Root: hi (class 5)
• vāda – speech, discourse, doctrine, argument, assertion
  noun (masculine)
  From root vad (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

अरतिः (aratiḥ) - discontent or lack of satisfaction (as a characteristic of rajas) (displeasure, aversion, discontent, uneasiness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of arati

arati - displeasure, aversion, discontent, restlessness, uneasiness

Negative prefix a- + rati (pleasure).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+rati)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• rati – pleasure, delight, love, attachment
  noun (feminine)
  From root ram (to delight, to rest).
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.

क्षमा (kṣamā) - patience or forbearance (as a characteristic of rajas) (patience, forbearance, forgiveness, endurance, earth)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - patience, forbearance, forgiveness, endurance, the earth

From root kṣam (to endure, be patient).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of nominative nouns describing rajas.