महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-30, verse-8

मतङ्ग उवाच ।
किं मां तुदसि दुःखार्तं मृतं मारयसे च माम् ।
तं तु शोचामि यो लब्ध्वा ब्राह्मण्यं न बुभूषते ॥८॥

8. mataṅga uvāca ,
kiṁ māṁ tudasi duḥkhārtaṁ mṛtaṁ mārayase ca mām ,
taṁ tu śocāmi yo labdhvā brāhmaṇyaṁ na bubhūṣate.

8. matangaḥ uvāca kim mām tudasi duḥkhārtam mṛtam mārayase
ca mām tam tu śocāmi yaḥ labdhvā brāhmaṇyam na bubhūṣate

8. matangaḥ uvāca kim mām duḥkhārtam mṛtam ca mām tudasi
mārayase tu tam śocāmi yaḥ brāhmaṇyam labdhvā na bubhūṣate

8. Matanga said: 'Why do you torment me, who am afflicted with sorrow? Are you trying to kill me, who is already dead? Indeed, I lament for that person who, having obtained the state of a brahmin, does not desire to embody its intrinsic nature (dharma).'

Words meanings summery:

• मतन्गः (matangaḥ) - Matanga (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - why (why, what, whether)

• माम् (mām) - me

• तुदसि (tudasi) - you torment, you afflict

• दुःखार्तम् (duḥkhārtam) - afflicted with sorrow, distressed

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

• मारयसे (mārayase) - you kill, you cause to die

• च (ca) - and, also

• माम् (mām) - me

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• शोचामि (śocāmi) - I grieve, I lament

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - brahminhood, the state of a brahmin

• न (na) - not, no

• बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - does not wish to be, does not desire to become/uphold

Words meanings and morphology

मतन्गः (matangaḥ) - Matanga (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matanga

matanga - Matanga (name of a sage); a large elephant

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect form of √vac

किम् (kim) - why (why, what, whether)

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

तुदसि (tudasi) - you torment, you afflict

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tud

Root: tud (class 6)

दुःखार्तम् (duḥkhārtam) - afflicted with sorrow, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed, miserable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, distress
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā- or from √ṛj (to be straight, to suffer). Commonly used in the sense of 'afflicted'.
  Root: ṛ

Note: Refers to 'mām'

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, expired

Past Passive Participle

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'mām'

मारयसे (mārayase) - you kill, you cause to die

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Causative stem māray- in ātmanepada

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

शोचामि (śocāmi) - I grieve, I lament

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

(indeclinable)

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - brahminhood, the state of a brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - brahminhood, the state or dignity of a brahmin

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - does not wish to be, does not desire to become/uphold

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Desiderative stem of √bhū in ātmanepada