महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-30, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
एवमुक्तो मतङ्गस्तु भृशं शोकपरायणः ।
अतिष्ठत गयां गत्वा सोऽङ्गुष्ठेन शतं समाः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evamukto mataṅgastu bhṛśaṁ śokaparāyaṇaḥ ,
atiṣṭhata gayāṁ gatvā so'ṅguṣṭhena śataṁ samāḥ.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ mataṅgaḥ tu bhṛśam śokaparāyaṇaḥ
atiṣṭhata gayām gatvā saḥ aṅguṣṭhena śatam samāḥ

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ tu bhṛśam śokaparāyaṇaḥ mataṅgaḥ
gayām gatvā saḥ aṅguṣṭhena śatam samāḥ atiṣṭhata

1. Bhishma said: Thus addressed, Matanga, who was deeply overcome by sorrow, went to Gaya and stood there for a hundred years, supported only on his thumb.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (referring to what was just said) (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (in this manner) (spoken, said)

• मतङ्गः (mataṅgaḥ) - Matanga

• तु (tu) - however (indicating a slight contrast or continuation) (but, however, indeed)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (describing the extent of sorrow) (greatly, deeply, excessively)

• शोकपरायणः (śokaparāyaṇaḥ) - deeply overcome by sorrow (absorbed in sorrow, devoted to sorrow, overcome by sorrow)

• अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - he stood, he stayed

• गयाम् (gayām) - to Gaya (a sacred place) (Gaya (a city name))

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• सः (saḥ) - (referring to Matanga) (he)

• अङ्गुष्ठेन (aṅguṣṭhena) - on his thumb (as a support for standing) (by the thumb, with the thumb)

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (referring to what was just said) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (in this manner) (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root vac (to speak).

Root: vac

Note: Agrees with mataṅgaḥ.

मतङ्गः (mataṅgaḥ) - Matanga

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mataṅga

mataṅga - Name of a sage

तु (tu) - however (indicating a slight contrast or continuation) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (describing the extent of sorrow) (greatly, deeply, excessively)

(indeclinable)

From bhṛśa (adj. much, violent) used adverbially.

शोकपरायणः (śokaparāyaṇaḥ) - deeply overcome by sorrow (absorbed in sorrow, devoted to sorrow, overcome by sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokaparāyaṇa

śokaparāyaṇa - absorbed in sorrow, devoted to grief, intent on sorrow

Compound: śoka (sorrow) + parāyaṇa (devoted to, intent on).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+parāyaṇa)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve, lament).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate end, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)
  From para (supreme, further) + ayana (going, course).
  Prefix: para

Note: Agrees with mataṅgaḥ.

अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - he stood, he stayed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular, middle voice (or active with a-augment for aorist).

Root: sthā (class 1)

गयाम् (gayām) - to Gaya (a sacred place) (Gaya (a city name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gayā

gayā - Gaya (name of a sacred city)

Note: Object of gatvā.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Gerund of root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - (referring to Matanga) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अङ्गुष्ठेन (aṅguṣṭhena) - on his thumb (as a support for standing) (by the thumb, with the thumb)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aṅguṣṭha

aṅguṣṭha - thumb, big toe

Note: Indicates the means or support.

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

(numeral)

Note: Adverbial accusative of duration of time.

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Accusative of duration of time.