महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-30, verse-11

दुष्प्रापं खलु विप्रत्वं प्राप्तं दुरनुपालनम् ।
दुरवापमवाप्यैतन्नानुतिष्ठन्ति मानवाः ॥११॥

11. duṣprāpaṁ khalu vipratvaṁ prāptaṁ duranupālanam ,
duravāpamavāpyaitannānutiṣṭhanti mānavāḥ.

11. duṣprāpam khalu vipratvam prāptam duranupālanam
duravāpam avāpya etat na anutiṣṭhanti mānavāḥ

11. khalu vipratvam duṣprāpam prāptam duranupālanam
mānavāḥ duravāpam etat avāpya na anutiṣṭhanti

11. Indeed, the state of a brahmin (vipratva) is difficult to achieve, and once attained, it is hard to properly maintain. Having acquired this exceedingly difficult-to-obtain status, people do not adhere to its principles (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्प्रापम् (duṣprāpam) - difficult to obtain, hard to reach

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

• विप्रत्वम् (vipratvam) - brahminhood, the state of a brahmin

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - attained, obtained, reached

• दुरनुपालनम् (duranupālanam) - difficult to maintain/preserve

• दुरवापम् (duravāpam) - difficult to obtain

• अवाप्य (avāpya) - having attained, having acquired

• एतत् (etat) - this, this (state)

• न (na) - not

• अनुतिष्ठन्ति (anutiṣṭhanti) - they follow, they abide by, they practice

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, people, mankind

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्प्रापम् (duṣprāpam) - difficult to obtain, hard to reach

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣprāpa

duṣprāpa - difficult to obtain, hard to reach, inaccessible

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+prāpa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• prāpa – attainable, to be obtained, reachable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (potential passive participle)
  From √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'vipratvam'

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

विप्रत्वम् (vipratvam) - brahminhood, the state of a brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vipratva

vipratva - the state or condition of a brahmin; brahminhood

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - attained, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, obtained, reached, acquired

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'vipratvam'

दुरनुपालनम् (duranupālanam) - difficult to maintain/preserve

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duranupālana

duranupālana - difficult to maintain, hard to preserve or follow

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+anupālana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• anupālana – maintaining, protecting, following; observance
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun from √pāl (to protect, to nourish) with prefix anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: pāl

Note: Refers to 'vipratvam'

दुरवापम् (duravāpam) - difficult to obtain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duravāpa

duravāpa - difficult to obtain, hard to reach

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+ava+āpa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• ava – down, off, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'down, off, away'
• āpa – attainable, to be obtained, reachable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (potential passive participle)
  From √āp (to obtain)
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'etat'

अवाप्य (avāpya) - having attained, having acquired

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form with prefix ava-

एतत् (etat) - this, this (state)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अनुतिष्ठन्ति (anutiṣṭhanti) - they follow, they abide by, they practice

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: With prefix anu-, meaning 'to follow, to comply, to adhere to'.

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, people, mankind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, mankind, a man, descendant of Manu