महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-30, verse-2

सुदुष्करं वहन्योगं कृशो धमनिसंततः ।
त्वगस्थिभूतो धर्मात्मा स पपातेति नः श्रुतम् ॥२॥

2. suduṣkaraṁ vahanyogaṁ kṛśo dhamanisaṁtataḥ ,
tvagasthibhūto dharmātmā sa papāteti naḥ śrutam.

2. suduṣkaram vahan yogam kṛśaḥ dhamanisaṃtataḥ
tvagasthibhūtaḥ dharmātmā saḥ papāta iti naḥ śrutam

2. suduṣkaram yogam vahan kṛśaḥ dhamanisaṃtataḥ
tvagasthibhūtaḥ dharmātmā saḥ papāta iti naḥ śrutam

2. Performing a very difficult austerity (yoga), he became emaciated and covered with veins, reduced to skin and bones. That righteous (dharma) soul fell, so we have heard.

Words meanings summery:

• सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - very difficult (austerity) (very difficult to do, extremely difficult)

• वहन् (vahan) - practicing (austerity) (carrying, bearing, enduring, practicing)

• योगम् (yogam) - austerity (yoga) (union, spiritual discipline, austerity (yoga))

• कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated, lean, thin

• धमनिसंततः (dhamanisaṁtataḥ) - (his body) covered with veins (covered with veins, full of sinews)

• त्वगस्थिभूतः (tvagasthibhūtaḥ) - reduced to skin and bones (having become skin and bones)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - that righteous (dharma) soul (righteous soul, one whose nature is righteousness (dharma))

• सः (saḥ) - (referring to Matanga) (he)

• पपात (papāta) - he fell

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a reported speech or thought) (thus, in this manner)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (referring to the narrator/listeners) (to us, by us, our)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - has been heard (by us) (heard)

Words meanings and morphology

सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - very difficult (austerity) (very difficult to do, extremely difficult)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suduṣkara

suduṣkara - very difficult to do, very arduous

Compound: su (very) + duṣkara (difficult to do).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duṣkara – difficult to do, arduous
  adjective (masculine)
  gerundive/future passive participle
  From dus-kṛ (to do with difficulty).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with yogam.

वहन् (vahan) - practicing (austerity) (carrying, bearing, enduring, practicing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vahat

vahat - carrying, bearing, flowing, practicing

present active participle

Present active participle of root vah (to carry, bear, undergo).

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'he' (Matanga).

योगम् (yogam) - austerity (yoga) (union, spiritual discipline, austerity (yoga))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, conjunction, application, effort, spiritual discipline, austerity

From root yuj (to join, to yoke).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of vahan.

कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated, lean, thin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, lean, emaciated, weak

Root: kṛś

Note: Agrees with Matanga.

धमनिसंततः (dhamanisaṁtataḥ) - (his body) covered with veins (covered with veins, full of sinews)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhamanisaṃtata

dhamanisaṁtata - covered with veins, full of nerves/sinews

Compound: dhamanī (vein, nerve) + saṃtata (spread, covered).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhamanī+saṃtata)

• dhamanī – vein, artery, nerve
  noun (feminine)
  From root dhmā (to blow).
  Root: dhmā (class 1)
• saṃtata – spread, extended, covered, continuous
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle of root tan (to stretch) with sam prefix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Agrees with Matanga.

त्वगस्थिभूतः (tvagasthibhūtaḥ) - reduced to skin and bones (having become skin and bones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvagasthibhūta

tvagasthibhūta - consisting of skin and bones, reduced to skin and bones

Compound: tvac (skin) + asthi (bone) + bhūta (become).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tvac+asthi+bhūta)

• tvac – skin, hide
  noun (feminine)
• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, happened, being
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle of root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Matanga.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - that righteous (dharma) soul (righteous soul, one whose nature is righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose nature is dharma, virtuous person

Compound: dharma (righteousness, law) + ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to sustain, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Matanga.

सः (saḥ) - (referring to Matanga) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पपात (papāta) - he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: pat (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a reported speech or thought) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude a direct quote or report.

नः (naḥ) - by us (referring to the narrator/listeners) (to us, by us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Enclitic form of asmad.

Note: Often used for instrumental agent in passive constructions.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - has been heard (by us) (heard)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed (as in Śruti)

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Impersonal construction, 'it was heard by us'.