महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-3, verse-8

नाभिवादयते ज्येष्ठं देवरातं नराधिप ।
पुत्राः पञ्चशताश्चापि शप्ताः श्वपचतां गताः ॥८॥

8. nābhivādayate jyeṣṭhaṁ devarātaṁ narādhipa ,
putrāḥ pañcaśatāścāpi śaptāḥ śvapacatāṁ gatāḥ.

8. na abhivādayate jyeṣṭham devarātam narādhipa
putrāḥ pañcaśatāḥ ca api śaptāḥ śvapacatām gatāḥ

8. narādhipa (ye putrāḥ) jyeṣṭham devarātam na abhivādayate
pañcaśatāḥ putrāḥ ca api śaptāḥ śvapacatām gatāḥ

8. O king, because his sons did not pay homage to the eldest Devarāta, five hundred of them were cursed and became dog-eaters (śvapaca).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिवादयते (abhivādayate) - salutes, pays homage

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest, the greatest

• देवरातम् (devarātam) - Devarāta (name given to Śunaḥśepa)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, ruler of men

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• पञ्चशताः (pañcaśatāḥ) - five hundred

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also

• शप्ताः (śaptāḥ) - cursed

• श्वपचताम् (śvapacatām) - the state of a dog-eater, outcaste

• गताः (gatāḥ) - went, attained, reached

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिवादयते (abhivādayate) - salutes, pays homage

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhivādaya

Present Tense, Ātmanepada, Causative

from abhi- + √vad (to speak) in causative form

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest, the greatest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, best, most excellent

superlative of vṛddha (old)

देवरातम् (devarātam) - Devarāta (name given to Śunaḥśepa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarāta

devarāta - given by the gods, name of Śunaḥśepa after adoption by Viśvāmitra

from deva (god) + rāta (given)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rāta)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rāta – given, granted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √rā (to give)
  Root: rā (class 2)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, ruler of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

compound of nara (man) + adhipa (lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

पञ्चशताः (pañcaśatāḥ) - five hundred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pañcaśata

pañcaśata - five hundred

compound of pañcan (five) and śata (hundred)

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+śata)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

शप्ताः (śaptāḥ) - cursed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn

Past Passive Participle

from √śap (to curse, to swear)

Root: śap (class 1)

श्वपचताम् (śvapacatām) - the state of a dog-eater, outcaste

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śvapacatā

śvapacatā - state of a dog-eater (śvapaca), outcaste status

from śvapaca (dog-eater) + -tā (suffix for state/quality)

गताः (gatāḥ) - went, attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, attained, become

Past Passive Participle

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)