महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-3, verse-19

स्थाने मतंगो ब्राह्मण्यं नालभद्भरतर्षभ ।
चण्डालयोनौ जातो हि कथं ब्राह्मण्यमाप्नुयात् ॥१९॥

19. sthāne mataṁgo brāhmaṇyaṁ nālabhadbharatarṣabha ,
caṇḍālayonau jāto hi kathaṁ brāhmaṇyamāpnuyāt.

19. sthāne mataṃgaḥ brāhmaṇyam na alabhat bharatarṣabha
| caṇḍālayonau jātaḥ hi katham brāhmaṇyam āpnuyāt

19. bharatarṣabha sthāne mataṃgaḥ brāhmaṇyam na alabhat
hi caṇḍālayonau jātaḥ katham brāhmaṇyam āpnuyāt

19. It is proper that Mataṅga did not attain the state of a brahmin (brāhmaṇya), O best among the Bharatas. Indeed, how could one born into the class of a caṇḍāla attain brahminhood (brāhmaṇya)?

Words meanings summery:

• स्थाने (sthāne) - it is proper, rightly so (in place, rightly, properly, it is fitting)

• मतंगः (mataṁgaḥ) - Mataṅga

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state of a brahmin (brāhmaṇya) (brahminhood, state of being a Brahmin)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अलभत् (alabhat) - he obtained (he obtained, he gained)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• चण्डालयोनौ (caṇḍālayonau) - born into the class of a caṇḍāla (in the womb/origin of a caṇḍāla)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - one who is born (born, produced, become)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (for, indeed, because)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - brahminhood (brāhmaṇya) (brahminhood, state of being a Brahmin)

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - he would obtain (he would obtain, he should obtain)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थाने (sthāne) - it is proper, rightly so (in place, rightly, properly, it is fitting)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, right course, reason

From root `sthā` (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

मतंगः (mataṁgaḥ) - Mataṅga

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mataṃga

mataṁga - Name of a sage

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state of a brahmin (brāhmaṇya) (brahminhood, state of being a Brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - brahminhood, the status or office of a Brahmin

Derived from `brāhmaṇa` (Brahmin) + `ya` (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of `alabhat` and `āpnuyāt`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

अलभत् (alabhat) - he obtained (he obtained, he gained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of labh

Imperfect, third person singular, active voice. Root `labh` (class 1).

Root: labh (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas (epithet for a great warrior/king)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – name of an ancient king, descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

चण्डालयोनौ (caṇḍālayonau) - born into the class of a caṇḍāla (in the womb/origin of a caṇḍāla)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of caṇḍālayoni

caṇḍālayoni - origin/womb of a caṇḍāla

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (caṇḍāla+yoni)

• caṇḍāla – outcaste, untouchable, member of the lowest class
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source, birth, class
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the lineage or class one is born into. Gender here is influenced by the implied masculine subject.

जातः (jātaḥ) - one who is born (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root `jan` (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'one' or 'he'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - brahminhood (brāhmaṇya) (brahminhood, state of being a Brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - brahminhood, the status or office of a Brahmin

Derived from `brāhmaṇa` (Brahmin) + `ya` (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of `āpnuyāt`.

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - he would obtain (he would obtain, he should obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āp

Optative, third person singular, active voice. Root `āp` (class 5).

Root: āp (class 5)