महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-3, verse-12

तथैवास्य भयाद्बद्ध्वा वसिष्ठः सलिले पुरा ।
आत्मानं मज्जयामास विपाशः पुनरुत्थितः ॥१२॥

12. tathaivāsya bhayādbaddhvā vasiṣṭhaḥ salile purā ,
ātmānaṁ majjayāmāsa vipāśaḥ punarutthitaḥ.

12. tathā eva asya bhayāt baddhvā vasiṣṭhaḥ salile
purā ātmānam majjayāmāsa vipāśaḥ punaḥ utthitaḥ

12. tathā eva purā asya bhayāt vasiṣṭhaḥ ātmānam
baddhvā salile majjayāmāsa vipāśaḥ punaḥ utthitaḥ

12. Similarly, in the past, from fear of him (Viśvāmitra), Vasiṣṭha bound himself and immersed his own self (ātman) in the water. Subsequently, he rose again, unbound, (from which came the river) Vipāśā.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - Connects this incident to the previous one involving Viśvāmitra. (similarly, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the similarity. (indeed, just, only)

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to Viśvāmitra, whose wrath Vasiṣṭha feared. (of him, his)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - Vasiṣṭha's action was motivated by fear of Viśvāmitra. (from fear, out of fear)

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - Vasiṣṭha bound himself with ropes. (having bound, after binding)

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - The famous sage Vasiṣṭha, rival of Viśvāmitra. (Vasiṣṭha (name of a sage))

• सलिले (salile) - Vasiṣṭha immersed himself in the water (of a river). (in water, in the water)

• पुरा (purā) - Indicates the event happened in the past. (formerly, in ancient times, previously)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - Vasiṣṭha immersed his own physical self. (himself, one's self (ātman))

• मज्जयामास (majjayāmāsa) - Vasiṣṭha plunged himself into the water. (caused to sink, immersed, plunged)

• विपाशः (vipāśaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha emerged from the water unbound. Also refers to the river named Vipāśā. (unbound, freed from snares/bonds)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha rose again after immersing himself. (again, anew, furthermore)

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha emerged from the water. (risen up, stood up, emerged)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - Connects this incident to the previous one involving Viśvāmitra. (similarly, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the similarity. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Refers to Viśvāmitra, whose wrath Vasiṣṭha feared. (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun).

Genitive singular masculine of idam.

भयात् (bhayāt) - Vasiṣṭha's action was motivated by fear of Viśvāmitra. (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - Vasiṣṭha bound himself with ropes. (having bound, after binding)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root bandh (to bind) + suffix -tvā.

Root: bandh (class 9)

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - The famous sage Vasiṣṭha, rival of Viśvāmitra. (Vasiṣṭha (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Name of a celebrated Vedic sage, one of the seven great sages (ṛṣis).

Superlative of vasu (good, excellent).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सलिले (salile) - Vasiṣṭha immersed himself in the water (of a river). (in water, in the water)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water, fluid.

पुरा (purā) - Indicates the event happened in the past. (formerly, in ancient times, previously)

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - Vasiṣṭha immersed his own physical self. (himself, one's self (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, the individual soul (ātman), essential nature.

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Direct object of majjayāmāsa.

मज्जयामास (majjayāmāsa) - Vasiṣṭha plunged himself into the water. (caused to sink, immersed, plunged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of majj

Perfect tense, causative.

Root majj (class 6) + causative suffix -aya + perfect suffix -āmāsa.

Root: majj (class 6)

विपाशः (vipāśaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha emerged from the water unbound. Also refers to the river named Vipāśā. (unbound, freed from snares/bonds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipāśa

vipāśa - unbound, unfettered, freed from snares. (Also refers to the Vipāśā river, which means 'freed from bonds').

Compound of vi (without) and pāśa (bond, rope).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+pāśa)

• vi – apart, away, without.
  indeclinable
  Negative or separative prefix.
• pāśa – snare, rope, bond, tie.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with vasiṣṭhaḥ.

पुनः (punaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha rose again after immersing himself. (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha emerged from the water. (risen up, stood up, emerged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, stood up, emerged, appeared.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ud-.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)