महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-3, verse-11

तपोविघ्नकरी चैव पञ्चचूडा सुसंमता ।
रम्भा नामाप्सराः शापाद्यस्य शैलत्वमागता ॥११॥

11. tapovighnakarī caiva pañcacūḍā susaṁmatā ,
rambhā nāmāpsarāḥ śāpādyasya śailatvamāgatā.

11. tapas vighnakarī ca eva pañcacūḍā susaṃmatā
rambhā nāma apsarāḥ śāpāt yasya śailatvam āgatā

11. ca eva rambhā nāma apsarāḥ tapovighnakarī
pañcacūḍā susaṃmatā yasya śāpāt śailatvam āgatā

11. And indeed, the celestial nymph (apsarā) named Rambhā, well-known for obstructing asceticism (tapas), and distinguished by five crests, attained the state of a rock due to whose (Viśvāmitra's) curse.

Words meanings summery:

• तपस् (tapas) - ascetic practices performed by Viśvāmitra. (penance, austerity, spiritual practice)

• विघ्नकरी (vighnakarī) - Rambhā, who caused obstruction to Viśvāmitra's penance. (causing obstruction, hindering)

• च (ca) - Connects the description of Rambhā. (and, also)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding statement. (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• पञ्चचूडा (pañcacūḍā) - An epithet for Rambhā, perhaps referring to a distinctive hairstyle or adornment. (having five crests/braids/tufts of hair)

• सुसंमता (susaṁmatā) - Rambhā, well-known for her role in obstructing penance. (well-regarded, highly esteemed, renowned, famous (often with negative connotation here, like notorious))

• रम्भा (rambhā) - The specific apsarā involved in the incident with Viśvāmitra. (Rambhā (name of a celestial nymph))

• नाम (nāma) - Used to introduce a name, 'named Rambhā'. (by name, indeed, namely)

• अप्सराः (apsarāḥ) - Rambhā is an apsarā. (celestial nymph)

• शापात् (śāpāt) - Due to a curse pronounced by Viśvāmitra. (from a curse)

• यस्य (yasya) - Referring to Viśvāmitra, implied from the previous verse and context of the Rāmāyaṇa. (whose, of whom)

• शैलत्वम् (śailatvam) - The transformation of Rambhā into a rock. (state of being a rock, rock-ness)

• आगता (āgatā) - Rambhā attained the state of a rock. (arrived, come, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

तपस् (tapas) - ascetic practices performed by Viśvāmitra. (penance, austerity, spiritual practice)

(noun)

neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, self-mortification, austerity, penance, spiritual practice (tapas).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound tapovighnakarī.

विघ्नकरी (vighnakarī) - Rambhā, who caused obstruction to Viśvāmitra's penance. (causing obstruction, hindering)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vighnakarin

vighnakarin - causing obstruction, hindering, obstructing.

Formed from vighna (obstacle) and karin (doer). Feminine form vighnakarī.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighna+karin)

• vighna – obstacle, impediment, obstruction, hindrance.
  noun (masculine)
• karin – doer, maker, performing.
  adjective
  Suffix -in indicating an agent.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with rambhā. Compound: tapovighnakarī = 'obstructor of penance'.

च (ca) - Connects the description of Rambhā. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding statement. (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

पञ्चचूडा (pañcacūḍā) - An epithet for Rambhā, perhaps referring to a distinctive hairstyle or adornment. (having five crests/braids/tufts of hair)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pañcacūḍā

pañcacūḍā - having five crests or tufts of hair (an epithet).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+cūḍā)

• pañcan – five.
  numeral
• cūḍā – crest, topknot, tuft of hair, diadem.
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with rambhā.

सुसंमता (susaṁmatā) - Rambhā, well-known for her role in obstructing penance. (well-regarded, highly esteemed, renowned, famous (often with negative connotation here, like notorious))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of susaṃmata

susaṁmata - well-regarded, well-approved, highly esteemed, famous.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think) with sam- and su-.

Compound type : pra-ādi tatpuruṣa (su+sammata)

• su – good, well, excellent, very.
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'.
• sammata – approved, agreed, esteemed, known.
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root man (to think) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with rambhā.

रम्भा (rambhā) - The specific apsarā involved in the incident with Viśvāmitra. (Rambhā (name of a celestial nymph))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rambhā

rambhā - Name of a famous celestial nymph (apsarā).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नाम (nāma) - Used to introduce a name, 'named Rambhā'. (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

अप्सराः (apsarāḥ) - Rambhā is an apsarā. (celestial nymph)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apsaras

apsaras - celestial nymph, a female divine being of the sky and water, associated with music and dance (apsarā).

Note: Appositive to rambhā.

शापात् (śāpāt) - Due to a curse pronounced by Viśvāmitra. (from a curse)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation.

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause.

यस्य (yasya) - Referring to Viśvāmitra, implied from the previous verse and context of the Rāmāyaṇa. (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun).

Genitive singular masculine of idam.

Note: Refers to Viśvāmitra, whose curse transformed Rambhā.

शैलत्वम् (śailatvam) - The transformation of Rambhā into a rock. (state of being a rock, rock-ness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śailatva

śailatva - the state or quality of being a rock or mountain.

Formed from śaila (rock/mountain) + suffix -tva (abstract noun suffix).

Note: Object of āgatā (attained).

आगता (āgatā) - Rambhā attained the state of a rock. (arrived, come, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, obtained.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)