महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-115, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
चतुर्विधेयं निर्दिष्टा अहिंसा ब्रह्मवादिभिः ।
एषैकतोऽपि विभ्रष्टा न भवत्यरिसूदन ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
caturvidheyaṁ nirdiṣṭā ahiṁsā brahmavādibhiḥ ,
eṣaikato'pi vibhraṣṭā na bhavatyarisūdana.

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | catuḥ-vidhā iyam nirdiṣṭā ahiṃsā
brahma-vādibhiḥ | eṣā ekataḥ api vibhraṣṭā na bhavati arisūdana

4. arisūdana bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iyam ahiṃsā brahmavādibhiḥ
catuḥ-vidhā nirdiṣṭā eṣā ekataḥ api vibhraṣṭā na bhavati

4. Bhishma said: O slayer of enemies, this non-violence (ahiṃsā) is declared by the expounders of ultimate reality (brahman) to be of four kinds. If it is lost or violated even in one aspect, it ceases to be effective.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• चतुः-विधा (catuḥ-vidhā) - of four kinds (of four kinds, fourfold)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (referring to ahiṃsā) (this (feminine))

• निर्दिष्टा (nirdiṣṭā) - declared (declared, prescribed, taught, pointed out)

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence (ahiṃsā) (non-violence, non-injury)

• ब्रह्म-वादिभिः (brahma-vādibhiḥ) - by the expounders of ultimate reality (brahman) (by the expounders of brahman, by those who speak of brahman)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (referring to ahiṃsā) (this (feminine))

• एकतः (ekataḥ) - even from one aspect/part (from one side, from one part, in one way)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, although)

• विभ्रष्टा (vibhraṣṭā) - lost or violated (fallen, deviated, lost, corrupted)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भवति (bhavati) - ceases to be (effective) (is, becomes, exists)

• अरिसूदन (arisūdana) - O slayer of enemies (O slayer of enemies, O vanquisher of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - dreadful, terrible; Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata)

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

चतुः-विधा (catuḥ-vidhā) - of four kinds (of four kinds, fourfold)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of caturvidha

caturvidha - fourfold, of four kinds

Compound: catur (four) + vidhā (way, kind).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, way
  noun (feminine)
  Often used as a suffix to mean 'kind/type'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

इयम् (iyam) - this (referring to ahiṃsā) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

निर्दिष्टा (nirdiṣṭā) - declared (declared, prescribed, taught, pointed out)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirdiṣṭa

nirdiṣṭa - pointed out, declared, taught, indicated

Past Passive Participle

From root diś (to point, show) with prefix nir.

Prefix: nir

Root: diś (class 6)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence (ahiṃsā) (non-violence, non-injury)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-injury, non-violence, harmlessness

Compound: a (negation) + hiṃsā (violence).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• hiṃsā – injury, harm, violence
  noun (feminine)
  From root hiṃs.
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

ब्रह्म-वादिभिः (brahma-vādibhiḥ) - by the expounders of ultimate reality (brahman) (by the expounders of brahman, by those who speak of brahman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brahmavādin

brahmavādin - an expounder of sacred knowledge (brahman), a theologian, one who teaches about brahman

Compound: brahman (ultimate reality) + vādin (speaking, expounding).

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+vādin)

• brahman – ultimate reality, universal spirit, sacred word, Veda, priestly class
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh
• vādin – speaking, declaring, expounding, speaker, proponent
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vad (to speak) + ṇini suffix.
  Root: vad (class 1)

एषा (eṣā) - this (referring to ahiṃsā) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

एकतः (ekataḥ) - even from one aspect/part (from one side, from one part, in one way)

(indeclinable)

From eka (one) + tasil suffix.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

विभ्रष्टा (vibhraṣṭā) - lost or violated (fallen, deviated, lost, corrupted)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vibhraṣṭa

vibhraṣṭa - fallen, deviated, corrupted, lost, depraved

Past Passive Participle

From root bhraṃś (to fall) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

भवति (bhavati) - ceases to be (effective) (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active

From root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used with `na` to mean 'does not become', 'is not'.

अरिसूदन (arisūdana) - O slayer of enemies (O slayer of enemies, O vanquisher of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arisūdana

arisūdana - slayer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound: ari (enemy) + sūdana (slayer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ari+sūdana)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroying, killing, slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  From root sūd (to destroy, kill).
  Root: sūd (class 10)