महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-115, verse-12

असंस्कृताः संस्कृताश्च लवणालवणास्तथा ।
प्रज्ञायन्ते यथा भावास्तथा चित्तं निरुध्यते ॥१२॥

12. asaṁskṛtāḥ saṁskṛtāśca lavaṇālavaṇāstathā ,
prajñāyante yathā bhāvāstathā cittaṁ nirudhyate.

12. asaṃskṛtāḥ saṃskṛtāḥ ca lavaṇālavaṇāḥ tathā
prajñāyante yathā bhāvāḥ tathā cittam nirudhyate

12. yathā asaṃskṛtāḥ saṃskṛtāḥ ca lavaṇālavaṇāḥ
tathā bhāvāḥ prajñāyante tathā cittam nirudhyate

12. Just as mental states (bhāvas) are distinguished, whether they are unrefined or refined, salty or unsalty, so too the mind (citta) is restrained.

Words meanings summery:

• असंस्कृताः (asaṁskṛtāḥ) - unrefined, unpurified, uncultured

• संस्कृताः (saṁskṛtāḥ) - refined, purified, cultured

• च (ca) - and

• लवणालवणाः (lavaṇālavaṇāḥ) - salty and unsalty

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so

• प्रज्ञायन्ते (prajñāyante) - are known, are discerned, are perceived

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - mental states, existences, dispositions

• तथा (tathā) - so too, similarly

• चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, consciousness

• निरुध्यते (nirudhyate) - is restrained, is controlled

Words meanings and morphology

असंस्कृताः (asaṁskṛtāḥ) - unrefined, unpurified, uncultured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asaṃskṛta

asaṁskṛta - unrefined, unpurified, uncultured, unprocessed

negation of past passive participle

na + saṃskṛta (from sam-kṛ + kta)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+saṃskṛta)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• saṃskṛta – refined, purified, cultured, processed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from sam-kṛ + kta
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'bhāvāḥ' (implied)

संस्कृताः (saṁskṛtāḥ) - refined, purified, cultured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - refined, purified, cultured, processed, consecrated

past passive participle

from sam-kṛ + kta

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'bhāvāḥ' (implied)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

लवणालवणाः (lavaṇālavaṇāḥ) - salty and unsalty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lavaṇālavaṇa

lavaṇālavaṇa - salty and unsalty

dvandva compound of lavaṇa and alavaṇa

Compound type : dvandva (lavaṇa+alavaṇa)

• lavaṇa – salty, salt
  noun (neuter)
• alavaṇa – unsalty, tasteless, without salt
  adjective (masculine)
  na + lavaṇa

Note: Agreement with 'bhāvāḥ' (implied)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so

(indeclinable)

प्रज्ञायन्ते (prajñāyante) - are known, are discerned, are perceived

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

present, middle voice

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Verb form for prajñā + yante.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - mental states, existences, dispositions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, disposition, mental state, emotion

from bhū + ghañ

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so too, similarly

(indeclinable)

चित्तम् (cittam) - mind, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, thought, heart

from cit + kta (as noun)

Root: cit (class 1)

निरुध्यते (nirudhyate) - is restrained, is controlled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of rudh

present, passive voice

Prefix: ni

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: passive form 'rudhyate' with prefix 'ni'.