महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-11, verse-18

स्वाध्यायनित्येषु द्विजेषु नित्यं क्षत्रे च धर्माभिरते सदैव ।
वैश्ये च कृष्याभिरते वसामि शूद्रे च शुश्रूषणनित्ययुक्ते ॥१८॥

18. svādhyāyanityeṣu dvijeṣu nityaṁ; kṣatre ca dharmābhirate sadaiva ,
vaiśye ca kṛṣyābhirate vasāmi; śūdre ca śuśrūṣaṇanityayukte.

18. svādhyāyanityeṣu dvijeṣu nityaṃ
kṣatre ca dharmābhirate sadaiva
vaiśye ca kṛṣyābhirate vasāmi
śūdre ca śuśrūṣaṇanityayukte

18. I always dwell among Brahmins (dvijas) who are constantly engaged in their Vedic study (svādhyāya); and in the kṣatriya class, always devoted to natural law (dharma); and in the vaiśya class, devoted to agriculture; and in the śūdra class, constantly engaged in service.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वाध्यायनित्येषु (svādhyāyanityeṣu) - among those constantly engaged in Vedic study (svādhyāya) (among those constantly engaged in self-study)

• द्विजेषु (dvijeṣu) - among Brahmins (dvijas) (among Brahmins, among the twice-born)

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always (always, constantly)

• क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - in the kṣatriya class (in the kṣatriya class, in a warrior)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्माभिरते (dharmābhirate) - in one devoted to natural law (dharma) (in one devoted to natural law (dharma), in one delighting in duty)

• सदैव (sadaiva) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in the vaiśya class (in the vaiśya class, in a merchant)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कृष्याभिरते (kṛṣyābhirate) - in one devoted to agriculture (in one delighting in agriculture, devoted to farming)

• वसामि (vasāmi) - I dwell (I dwell, I reside)

• शूद्रे (śūdre) - in the śūdra class (in the śūdra class, in a servant)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शुश्रूषणनित्ययुक्ते (śuśrūṣaṇanityayukte) - in one constantly engaged in service

Words meanings and morphology

स्वाध्यायनित्येषु (svādhyāyanityeṣu) - among those constantly engaged in Vedic study (svādhyāya) (among those constantly engaged in self-study)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of svādhyāyanitya

svādhyāyanitya - constantly devoted to self-study/Vedic recitation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svādhyāya+nitya)

• svādhyāya – self-study, Vedic recitation, study of sacred texts
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sva (self) and adhyāya (reading/study).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)
• nitya – constant, eternal, always present, devoted to
  adjective

Note: Adjective agreeing with `dvijeṣu`.

द्विजेषु (dvijeṣu) - among Brahmins (dvijas) (among Brahmins, among the twice-born)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Derived from dvi (two) and ja (born).

Root: jan (class 4)

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - in the kṣatriya class (in the kṣatriya class, in a warrior)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - kṣatriya class, warrior, rule, dominion

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धर्माभिरते (dharmābhirate) - in one devoted to natural law (dharma) (in one devoted to natural law (dharma), in one delighting in duty)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmābhirata

dharmābhirata - devoted to dharma, delighting in righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+abhirata)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √dhṛ (class 1, dharati) 'to hold, support'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• abhirata – delighting in, devoted to, pleased with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ram (class 1, ramate) 'to rejoice' with prefix abhi.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kṣatre`.

सदैव (sadaiva) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

From sadā (always) + eva (indeed).

वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in the vaiśya class (in the vaiśya class, in a merchant)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - vaiśya class, merchant, agriculturist

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कृष्याभिरते (kṛṣyābhirate) - in one devoted to agriculture (in one delighting in agriculture, devoted to farming)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛṣyābhirata

kṛṣyābhirata - devoted to agriculture

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛṣi+abhirata)

• kṛṣi – agriculture, farming, cultivation
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from √kṛṣ (class 1, kṛṣati) 'to plough'.
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• abhirata – delighting in, devoted to, pleased with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ram (class 1, ramate) 'to rejoice' with prefix abhi.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vaiśye`.

वसामि (vasāmi) - I dwell (I dwell, I reside)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present Active Indicative

Parasmaipada, first conjugation.

Root: vas (class 1)

शूद्रे (śūdre) - in the śūdra class (in the śūdra class, in a servant)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - śūdra class, servant, laborer

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शुश्रूषणनित्ययुक्ते (śuśrūṣaṇanityayukte) - in one constantly engaged in service

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣaṇanityayukta

śuśrūṣaṇanityayukta - constantly associated with/engaged in service

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śuśrūṣaṇa+nitya+yukta)

• śuśrūṣaṇa – service, desire to hear, desire to serve
  noun (neuter)
  Desiderative nominalization
  Derived from the desiderative stem of √śru (class 5, śṛṇoti) 'to hear'.
  Root: śru (class 5)
• nitya – constant, eternal, always present
  adjective
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √yuj (class 7, yunakti) 'to join, connect'.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `śūdre`.