महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-347, verse-11

साहं धर्मं विजानन्ती धर्मनित्ये त्वयि स्थिते ।
सत्पथं कथमुत्सृज्य यास्यामि विषमे पथि ॥११॥

11. sāhaṁ dharmaṁ vijānantī dharmanitye tvayi sthite ,
satpathaṁ kathamutsṛjya yāsyāmi viṣame pathi.

11. sā aham dharmam vijānantī dharmanitye tvayi sthite
satpatham katham utsṛjya yāsyāmi viṣame pathi

11. sā aham dharmam vijānantī dharmanitye tvayi sthite
satpatham utsṛjya viṣame pathi katham yāsyāmi

11. Knowing this natural law (dharma), and with you, who are steadfast in natural law (dharma), by my side, how could I abandon the virtuous path and proceed on a perilous one?

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - I, that (referring to herself as a devoted wife) (she, that (feminine))

• अहम् (aham) - I (I, me)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (as understood by her) (natural law, duty, righteousness (accusative))

• विजानन्ती (vijānantī) - knowing (the natural law) (knowing, understanding, recognizing)

• धर्मनित्ये (dharmanitye) - steadfast in natural law (dharma) (steadfast in natural law, constantly righteous)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - with you (locative absolute) (in you, on you)

• स्थिते (sthite) - being present, remaining (by my side) (standing, situated, being, remaining)

• सत्पथम् (satpatham) - the virtuous path (the good path, virtuous path, right path)

• कथम् (katham) - how (could I) (how, in what manner, why)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

• यास्यामि (yāsyāmi) - I will proceed (I shall go, I will go)

• विषमे (viṣame) - perilous, difficult (difficult, uneven, dangerous, hostile)

• पथि (pathi) - on a path (on the path, in the way)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - I, that (referring to herself as a devoted wife) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

अहम् (aham) - I (I, me)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, self

Note: Often combined with 'sā' or 'sa' for emphasis.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (as understood by her) (natural law, duty, righteousness (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `vijānantī`.

विजानन्ती (vijānantī) - knowing (the natural law) (knowing, understanding, recognizing)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, understanding, recognizing

Present active participle

From vi-jñā (to know, understand).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `sā aham`.

धर्मनित्ये (dharmanitye) - steadfast in natural law (dharma) (steadfast in natural law, constantly righteous)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmanitya

dharmanitya - steadfast in natural law, constantly righteous

Compound of dharma (natural law) and nitya (constant, eternal).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+nitya)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual
  adjective (masculine)

त्वयि (tvayi) - with you (locative absolute) (in you, on you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

स्थिते (sthite) - being present, remaining (by my side) (standing, situated, being, remaining)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, being, remaining, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective in locative absolute.

सत्पथम् (satpatham) - the virtuous path (the good path, virtuous path, right path)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satpatha

satpatha - the good path, virtuous path, right path

Compound of sat (good, true) and patha (path).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+patha)

• sat – good, true, existing, virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle
  From as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `utsṛjya`.

कथम् (katham) - how (could I) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From ut-sṛj (to abandon, emit).

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

यास्यामि (yāsyāmi) - I will proceed (I shall go, I will go)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yā

Future tense.

Root: yā (class 2)

विषमे (viṣame) - perilous, difficult (difficult, uneven, dangerous, hostile)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣama

viṣama - difficult, uneven, dangerous, hostile

Compound of vi (prefix implying separation/negation) and sama (even).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+sama)

• vi – asunder, apart, away, prefix for negation/separation
  indeclinable
• sama – even, equal, similar, tranquil
  adjective (masculine)

पथि (pathi) - on a path (on the path, in the way)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

N-stem noun.