महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-238, verse-4

महतः परमव्यक्तमव्यक्तात्परतोऽमृतम् ।
अमृतान्न परं किंचित्सा काष्ठा सा परा गतिः ॥४॥

4. mahataḥ paramavyaktamavyaktātparato'mṛtam ,
amṛtānna paraṁ kiṁcitsā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ.

4. mahataḥ param avyaktam avyaktāt parataḥ amṛtam
amṛtāt na param kiñcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ

4. mahataḥ param avyaktam avyaktāt parataḥ amṛtam
amṛtāt na param kiñcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ

4. Beyond the great (principle) is the unmanifest. Beyond the unmanifest is the immortal (amṛtam). Nothing is superior to the immortal; that is the ultimate limit, that is the supreme goal.

Words meanings summery:

• महतः (mahataḥ) - than the great (principle), from the great, of the great

• परम् (param) - superior, higher, beyond, ultimate

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest, the unevolved, primordial matter

• अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - than the unmanifest, from the unmanifest

• परतः (parataḥ) - beyond, higher than, further

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - the immortal, immortality, nectar

• अमृतात् (amṛtāt) - than the immortal, from the immortal

• न (na) - not, no

• परम् (param) - superior, higher, beyond

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

• सा (sā) - she, that

• काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) - limit, boundary, culminating point, highest degree

• सा (sā) - she, that

• परा (parā) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - goal, destination, movement, path

Words meanings and morphology

महतः (mahataḥ) - than the great (principle), from the great, of the great

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast; the great principle (cosmic intellect or buddhi, in Samkhya philosophy)

Note: Used here as a substantive referring to the cosmic principle of Mahat.

परम् (param) - superior, higher, beyond, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another; superior, higher, ultimate; distant

Note: Qualifies 'avyaktam'.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest, the unevolved, primordial matter

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unevolved; primordial nature (prakṛti); invisible

Past Passive Participle

From 'a-' (negation) + 'vyakta' (manifested); root 'añj' (to anoint, make clear) with 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - than the unmanifest, from the unmanifest

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unevolved; primordial nature (prakṛti); invisible

Past Passive Particyl

From 'a-' (negation) + 'vyakta' (manifested); root 'añj' (to anoint, make clear) with 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

परतः (parataḥ) - beyond, higher than, further

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to 'para'

Note: Used adverbially here.

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - the immortal, immortality, nectar

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, undying; immortality; nectar

Past Passive Participle

From 'a-' (negation) + 'mṛta' (dead); root 'mṛ' (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

अमृतात् (amṛtāt) - than the immortal, from the immortal

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, undying; immortality; nectar

Past Passive Participle

From 'a-' (negation) + 'mṛta' (dead); root 'mṛ' (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - superior, higher, beyond

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another; superior, higher, ultimate; distant

Note: Used here in the sense of 'superior'.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcit

kiñcit - anything, something, a little

From 'kim' + 'cit'

सा (sā) - she, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to the concept of the ultimate limit/goal, which is feminine in Sanskrit.

काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) - limit, boundary, culminating point, highest degree

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhā

kāṣṭhā - limit, boundary, culminating point, highest degree; direction

सा (sā) - she, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to the concept of the ultimate limit/goal, which is feminine in Sanskrit.

परा (parā) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of para

para - other, another; superior, higher, ultimate; distant

Note: Qualifies 'gatiḥ'.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - goal, destination, movement, path

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, movement; course, path; goal, destination, state; means of obtaining

From root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)