महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-214, verse-9

भीष्म उवाच ।
अन्तरा प्रातराशं च सायमाशं तथैव च ।
सदोपवासी च भवेद्यो न भुङ्क्ते कथंचन ॥९॥

9. bhīṣma uvāca ,
antarā prātarāśaṁ ca sāyamāśaṁ tathaiva ca ,
sadopavāsī ca bhavedyo na bhuṅkte kathaṁcana.

9. bhīṣma uvāca antarā prātarāśam ca sāyamāśam tathā
eva ca sadopavāsī ca bhavet yaḥ na bhuṅkte kathaṃcana

9. bhīṣma uvāca yaḥ prātarāśam ca sāyamāśam ca tathā eva
antarā kathaṃcana na bhuṅkte saḥ ca sadopavāsī bhavet

9. Bhīṣma said: 'One who does not eat at all between the morning meal and the evening meal, indeed, becomes one who is always fasting.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma, the grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas, revered for his wisdom (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अन्तरा (antarā) - between (two meals) (between, within, in the midst)

• प्रातराशम् (prātarāśam) - the morning meal (morning meal, breakfast)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सायमाशम् (sāyamāśam) - the evening meal (evening meal, supper)

• तथा (tathā) - in the same way, thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the quality (indeed, just, only)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सदोपवासी (sadopavāsī) - one who maintains a state of constant fasting or controlled eating (always fasting, perpetually observing a fast)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes (may one be, should one be)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (relative pronoun) (who, which)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (eats, enjoys)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - at all (in any way, by any means, at all)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma, the grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas, revered for his wisdom (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhīṣma (name of the son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, third person singular

root 'vac' (to speak), Parasmaipada, perfect, 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Preceded by the subject.

अन्तरा (antarā) - between (two meals) (between, within, in the midst)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition governing 'prātarāśam' and 'sāyamāśam'.

प्रातराशम् (prātarāśam) - the morning meal (morning meal, breakfast)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prātarāśa

prātarāśa - morning meal, breakfast

from 'prātar' (in the morning) + 'āśa' (eating/food)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prātar+āśa)

• prātar – in the morning
  indeclinable
• āśa – eating, food, meal
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'aś' (to eat) + 'a' suffix
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Object of implied verb or part of the 'between' construction.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

सायमाशम् (sāyamāśam) - the evening meal (evening meal, supper)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāyamāśa

sāyamāśa - evening meal, supper

from 'sāyam' (in the evening) + 'āśa' (eating/food)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sāyam+āśa)

• sāyam – in the evening
  indeclinable
• āśa – eating, food, meal
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'aś' (to eat) + 'a' suffix
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Object of implied verb or part of the 'between' construction.

तथा (tathā) - in the same way, thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the quality (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

सदोपवासी (sadopavāsī) - one who maintains a state of constant fasting or controlled eating (always fasting, perpetually observing a fast)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadopavāsin

sadopavāsin - always fasting, perpetually observing a fast

agent noun derived from verb

from 'sadā' (always) + 'upavāsin' (fasting)

Compound type : avyayībhāva / tatpurusha (sadā+upavāsin)

• sadā – always, ever
  indeclinable
• upavāsin – fasting, observer of a fast
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derived from verb
  from 'upa' (prefix) + 'vas' (to dwell/stay) or 'vas' (to wear), typically meaning to 'sit near' (gods, dharma) or 'abstain from food'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes (may one be, should one be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

optative mood, third person singular

root 'bhū' (to be/become), Parasmaipada, optative, 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The verb for the subject 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (relative pronoun) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

relative pronoun

Note: Subject of the clause 'yo na bhuṅkte'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (eats, enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

present tense, third person singular

root 'bhuj' (to eat/enjoy), Ātmanepada, present, 3rd singular

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Verb for the subject 'yaḥ'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - at all (in any way, by any means, at all)

(indeclinable)

from 'kathaṃ' (how) + 'cana' (emphatic/indefinite suffix)

Note: Adverb modifying 'na bhuṅkte'.