महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-214, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अवेदोक्तव्रतोपेता भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः ।
वेदोक्तेषु च भुञ्जाना व्रतलुप्ता युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
avedoktavratopetā bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ ,
vedokteṣu ca bhuñjānā vrataluptā yudhiṣṭhira.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca avedoktavratopetāḥ bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ
vedokteṣu ca bhuñjānāḥ vrataluptāḥ yudhiṣṭhira

2. Bhishma said: O Yudhishthira, those who, having adopted vows (vrata) not prescribed by the Vedas, perform their duties while (improperly) eating; and furthermore, those who, even when observing Vedic injunctions, engage in eating (improperly) and have broken their vows (vrata).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder in the Mahabharata, is the speaker. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अवेदोक्तव्रतोपेताः (avedoktavratopetāḥ) - those endowed with vows not prescribed by the Vedas

• भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - (while) eating (inappropriately or indiscriminately, potentially breaking a vow of fasting) (eating, enjoying, experiencing)

• कार्यकारिणः (kāryakāriṇaḥ) - performers of actions, doers of duties

• वेदोक्तेषु (vedokteṣu) - in matters prescribed by the Vedas, in Vedic injunctions

• च (ca) - and, also

• भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - (while) eating (inappropriately or indiscriminately, potentially breaking a vow of fasting) (eating, enjoying, experiencing)

• व्रतलुप्ताः (vrataluptāḥ) - those who have broken their vows

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder in the Mahabharata, is the speaker. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma; one who causes dread, terrible

From root √bhīṣ (to frighten)

Root: √bhīṣ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

perfect active indicative

Irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

अवेदोक्तव्रतोपेताः (avedoktavratopetāḥ) - those endowed with vows not prescribed by the Vedas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avedoktavratopeta

avedoktavratopeta - endowed with vows not mentioned in the Vedas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+veda+ukta+vrata+upeta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
• ukta – said, spoken, prescribed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vac
  Root: √vac (class 2)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty (vrata)
  noun (neuter)
• upeta – endowed with, furnished with, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From upasarga upa- + root √i (to go)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: √i (class 2)

Note: Refers to persons.

भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - (while) eating (inappropriately or indiscriminately, potentially breaking a vow of fasting) (eating, enjoying, experiencing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhuñjāna

bhuñjāna - eating, enjoying, experiencing

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

From root √bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: √bhuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to persons, indicating a simultaneous action.

कार्यकारिणः (kāryakāriṇaḥ) - performers of actions, doers of duties

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāryakārin

kāryakārin - doing one's duty, agent, performer of actions

From kārya (duty, action) and kārin (doer, maker)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+kārin)

• kārya – work, duty, action, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root √kṛ (to do)
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √kṛ
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

वेदोक्तेषु (vedokteṣu) - in matters prescribed by the Vedas, in Vedic injunctions

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vedokta

vedokta - prescribed by the Vedas, said in the Vedas

From veda and ukta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+ukta)

• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
• ukta – said, spoken, prescribed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vac
  Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Used substantively, referring to 'matters' or 'injunctions'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - (while) eating (inappropriately or indiscriminately, potentially breaking a vow of fasting) (eating, enjoying, experiencing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhuñjāna

bhuñjāna - eating, enjoying, experiencing

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

From root √bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: √bhuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to persons, indicating a simultaneous action.

व्रतलुप्ताः (vrataluptāḥ) - those who have broken their vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vratalupta

vratalupta - one who has broken a vow

From vrata and lupta

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vrata+lupta)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty (vrata)
  noun (neuter)
• lupta – broken, violated, interrupted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √lup (to break, interrupt)
  Root: √lup (class 6)

Note: Refers to persons.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

Compound yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady)

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: √sthā (class 1)