महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-214, verse-13

अभुक्तवत्सु नाश्नानः सततं यस्तु वै द्विजः ।
अभोजनेन तेनास्य जितः स्वर्गो भवत्युत ॥१३॥

13. abhuktavatsu nāśnānaḥ satataṁ yastu vai dvijaḥ ,
abhojanena tenāsya jitaḥ svargo bhavatyuta.

13. abhuktavatsu na aśnānaḥ satatam yaḥ tu vai dvijaḥ
| abhojanena tena asya jitaḥ svargaḥ bhavati uta

13. uta yaḥ dvijaḥ tu vai satatam abhuktavatsu na aśnānaḥ (asti),
tena asya abhojanena svargaḥ jitaḥ bhavati

13. Indeed (uta), that twice-born (dvijaḥ) person (yaḥ tu vai) who consistently does not eat before those who have not yet eaten (abhuktavatsu) — by his abstinence (abhojanena), heaven (svargaḥ) is conquered by him.

Words meanings summery:

• अभुक्तवत्सु (abhuktavatsu) - among those who have not eaten, before those who have not eaten

• न (na) - not, no

• अश्नानः (aśnānaḥ) - eating, consuming (present participle)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, continuously

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born, a Brahmin

• अभोजनेन (abhojanena) - by not eating, by abstinence from food

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, won

• स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven, celestial world

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• उत (uta) - and, moreover, indeed

Words meanings and morphology

अभुक्तवत्सु (abhuktavatsu) - among those who have not eaten, before those who have not eaten

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of abhuktavat

abhuktavat - not having eaten, one who has not eaten

Past Active Participle

From upasarga 'a' (negation) and root bhuj (to eat), past active participle with suffix -vat.

Prefix: a

Root: bhuj (class 7)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अश्नानः (aśnānaḥ) - eating, consuming (present participle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśnānat

aśnānat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

From root aś (to eat), present tense, active voice, participle form.

Root: aś (class 9)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, continuously

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born, a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - a twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

अभोजनेन (abhojanena) - by not eating, by abstinence from food

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of abhojana

abhojana - not eating, abstinence from food, hunger

Compound of 'a' (negation) and bhojana (eating/food).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhojana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• bhojana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization of root bhuj (to eat).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, won

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer/win), past passive participle.

Root: ji (class 1)

स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven, celestial world

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial world, paradise

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - and, moreover, indeed

(indeclinable)