महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-214, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता यदिदं भुञ्जते हविः ।
अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dvijātayo vratopetā yadidaṁ bhuñjate haviḥ ,
annaṁ brāhmaṇakāmāya kathametatpitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dvijātayaḥ vratopetāḥ yat idam
bhuñjate haviḥ annam brāhmaṇakāmāya katham etat pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha dvijātayaḥ vratopetāḥ yat
idam haviḥ annam brāhmaṇakāmāya bhuñjate etat katham

1. Yudhishthira said: 'O Grandfather, how is it that the twice-born (dvija) who are observant of vows consume this oblation (havis) and food, intended to fulfill the desire of Brahmins?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (dvija), Brahmins

• व्रतोपेताः (vratopetāḥ) - endowed with vows, observant of sacred vows

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• इदम् (idam) - this

• भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they eat, they consume, they enjoy

• हविः (haviḥ) - oblation, sacrificial offering

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, sustenance

• ब्राह्मणकामाय (brāhmaṇakāmāya) - for the desire of Brahmins, for the sake of Brahmins

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what way

• एतत् (etat) - this

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper noun), firm in battle

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (dvija), Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (dvija), member of the three upper varṇas (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvis+jāta)

• dvis – twice, two times
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

व्रतोपेताः (vratopetāḥ) - endowed with vows, observant of sacred vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vratopeta

vratopeta - endowed with (upeta) vows (vrata)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vrata+upeta)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
• upeta – endowed with, accompanied by, approached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root i (to go) with prefix upa-
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that (relative pronoun)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they eat, they consume, they enjoy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

हविः (haviḥ) - oblation, sacrificial offering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, sacrificial offering

अन्नम् (annam) - food, sustenance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, sustenance

ब्राह्मणकामाय (brāhmaṇakāmāya) - for the desire of Brahmins, for the sake of Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇakāma

brāhmaṇakāma - a Brahmin's desire, desired by Brahmins, intended for Brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+kāma)

• brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, relating to Brahma
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what way

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father (Brahma)