महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-214, verse-14

देवताभ्यः पितृभ्यश्च भृत्येभ्योऽतिथिभिः सह ।
अवशिष्टं तु योऽश्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥१४॥

14. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaśca bhṛtyebhyo'tithibhiḥ saha ,
avaśiṣṭaṁ tu yo'śnāti tamāhurvighasāśinam.

14. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca bhṛtyebhyaḥ atithibhiḥ
saha avaśiṣṭam tu yaḥ aśnāti tam āhuḥ vighasāśinam

14. yaḥ devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca bhṛtyebhyaḥ atithibhiḥ
saha avaśiṣṭam tu aśnāti tam vighasāśinam āhuḥ

14. Whoever eats only what remains after having made offerings to the deities and ancestors, and after having shared with servants and guests, they call that person an eater of leavings.

Words meanings summery:

• देवताभ्यः (devatābhyaḥ) - to the deities, for the gods

• पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to the ancestors, for the forefathers

• च (ca) - and, also

• भृत्येभ्यः (bhṛtyebhyaḥ) - to the servants, for the dependents

• अतिथिभिः (atithibhiḥ) - with guests, by guests

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• अवशिष्टम् (avaśiṣṭam) - the remainder, what is left over

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats, consumes

• तम् (tam) - him, that person

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• विघसाशिनम् (vighasāśinam) - an eater of leavings, one who eats the remnants (after others have eaten)

Words meanings and morphology

देवताभ्यः (devatābhyaḥ) - to the deities, for the gods

(noun)

Dative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, godhead

From deva (god) + tā (abstract suffix).

Root: dev (class 1)

पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to the ancestors, for the forefathers

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefather

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भृत्येभ्यः (bhṛtyebhyaḥ) - to the servants, for the dependents

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, paid employee

Gerundive

From root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

अतिथिभिः (atithibhiḥ) - with guests, by guests

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of atithi

atithi - guest, visitor (lit. 'without a fixed tithi/date')

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

अवशिष्टम् (avaśiṣṭam) - the remainder, what is left over

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avaśiṣṭa

avaśiṣṭa - remaining, left over, remnant

Past Passive Participle

From root śiṣ (to leave, remain) with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Refers to the remaining food.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever (relative pronoun)

अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of aś

present active

Class 9 verb (śnā infix).

Root: aś (class 9)

तम् (tam) - him, that person

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it (demonstrative/correlative pronoun)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

present active

Irregular root, often bru or vac in lexicon.

Root: ah (class 2)

विघसाशिनम् (vighasāśinam) - an eater of leavings, one who eats the remnants (after others have eaten)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - eater of leavings, one who subsists on remnants of food left by others or offered to others

Compound of vighasa and āśin.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – leavings, remnants of food, food left after a meal
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From vi + ghas (to eat).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ghas
• āśin – eating, eater, consumer
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix in from root aś
  From root aś (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Object of āhuḥ.