महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-129, verse-7

यास्तु स्युः केवलत्यागाच्छक्यास्तरितुमापदः ।
कस्तत्राधिकमात्मानं संत्यजेदर्थधर्मवित् ॥७॥

7. yāstu syuḥ kevalatyāgācchakyāstaritumāpadaḥ ,
kastatrādhikamātmānaṁ saṁtyajedarthadharmavit.

7. yāḥ tu syuḥ kevalatyāgāt śakyāḥ taritum āpadaḥ
kaḥ tatra adhikam ātmānam samtyajet arthadharmavit

7. tu yāḥ āpadaḥ kevalatyāgāt taritum śakyāḥ syuḥ,
tatra kaḥ arthadharmavit adhikam ātmānam samtyajet?

7. But if there are calamities that can be overcome by mere abandonment, who, knowledgeable in prosperity (artha) and natural law (dharma), would then excessively sacrifice his own self (ātman)?

Words meanings summery:

• याः (yāḥ) - referring to 'āpadaḥ' (calamities) (which (feminine plural nominative))

• तु (tu) - introduces a contrast or qualification (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• स्युः (syuḥ) - indicates a potential or hypothetical situation (may be, should be, exist)

• केवलत्यागात् (kevalatyāgāt) - by simply letting go of certain possessions or positions (by mere abandonment, by only giving up)

• शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible to be overcome or surmounted (able, capable, possible)

• तरितुम् (taritum) - to get through or escape from danger (to cross, to overcome, to surmount)

• आपदः (āpadaḥ) - severe crises or dangers (calamities, misfortunes, dangers)

• कः (kaḥ) - rhetorical question, implying 'no one' (who? what?)

• तत्र (tatra) - in such a situation, referring to the described calamities (there, in that place, in that case)

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - more than what is necessary or prudent (more, excessively, superfluous)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own life or being (self, oneself, the soul (ātman))

• सम्त्यजेत् (samtyajet) - one should give up one's life (ātman) (one should abandon, sacrifice, give up)

• अर्थधर्मवित् (arthadharmavit) - a person skilled in statecraft, economics, and ethical principles (one who knows artha and dharma, wise in worldly affairs and righteous conduct)

Words meanings and morphology

याः (yāḥ) - referring to 'āpadaḥ' (calamities) (which (feminine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun

तु (tu) - introduces a contrast or qualification (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle

स्युः (syuḥ) - indicates a potential or hypothetical situation (may be, should be, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

3rd person plural optative active of '√as'

Root: as (class 2)

केवलत्यागात् (kevalatyāgāt) - by simply letting go of certain possessions or positions (by mere abandonment, by only giving up)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kevalatyāga

kevalatyāga - mere abandonment, simple renunciation

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kevala+tyāga)

• kevala – mere, only, sole, exclusive
  adjective (masculine)
• tyāga – abandonment, sacrifice, renunciation, giving up
  noun (masculine)
  From '√tyaj' (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which calamities are overcome.

शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible to be overcome or surmounted (able, capable, possible)

(gerundive)

Note: Used with infinitive 'taritum'.

तरितुम् (taritum) - to get through or escape from danger (to cross, to overcome, to surmount)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of '√tṛ' (to cross)

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'śakyāḥ'.

आपदः (āpadaḥ) - severe crises or dangers (calamities, misfortunes, dangers)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, danger

From 'ā-pad' (to fall into)

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Subject of the clause 'yāḥ...syuḥ'.

कः (kaḥ) - rhetorical question, implying 'no one' (who? what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

तत्र (tatra) - in such a situation, referring to the described calamities (there, in that place, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad'

अधिकम् (adhikam) - more than what is necessary or prudent (more, excessively, superfluous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - additional, excessive, superfluous, more

From 'adhi-i' (to go over, surpass)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'excessively' or 'more than necessary.'

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own life or being (self, oneself, the soul (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, individual soul (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'saṃtyajet'.

सम्त्यजेत् (samtyajet) - one should give up one's life (ātman) (one should abandon, sacrifice, give up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of saṃtyaj

optative active

3rd person singular optative active of '√tyaj' with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

अर्थधर्मवित् (arthadharmavit) - a person skilled in statecraft, economics, and ethical principles (one who knows artha and dharma, wise in worldly affairs and righteous conduct)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthadharmavid

arthadharmavid - knowing artha and dharma, wise in wealth and righteousness

Tatpurusha compound, from 'vid' (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+dharma+vid)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material well-being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh
• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, knowing, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  From '√vid' (to know), agent noun suffix 'kvip'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the subject implied by 'kaḥ'.