महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-129, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
बाह्यश्चेद्विजिगीषुः स्याद्धर्मार्थकुशलः शुचिः ।
जवेन संधिं कुर्वीत पूर्वान्पूर्वान्विमोक्षयन् ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
bāhyaścedvijigīṣuḥ syāddharmārthakuśalaḥ śuciḥ ,
javena saṁdhiṁ kurvīta pūrvānpūrvānvimokṣayan.

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bāhyaḥ cet vijigīṣuḥ syāt dharmārthakuśalaḥ
śuciḥ javena sandhim kurvīta pūrvān pūrvān vimokṣayan

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca cet bāhyaḥ vijigīṣuḥ dharmārthakuśalaḥ śuciḥ syāt,
javena sandhim kurvīta pūrvān pūrvān vimokṣayan

4. Bhishma said: If an external conqueror is skilled in matters of natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha), and is pure, one should swiftly make a treaty, relinquishing any previous [commitments or grievances].

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder in the Mahabharata (Bhishma (name of a character))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बाह्यः (bāhyaḥ) - an external ruler or state (external, outside, alien)

• चेत् (cet) - introduces a condition (if)

• विजिगीषुः (vijigīṣuḥ) - an aspiring conqueror, a hostile king (wishing to conquer, desirous of victory, conqueror)

• स्यात् (syāt) - implies a conditional possibility (may be, should be, exists)

• धर्मार्थकुशलः (dharmārthakuśalaḥ) - expert in proper conduct, justice, and statecraft or economic policy (skilled in dharma and artha, expert in law and wealth)

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - morally upright, honest in dealings (pure, clean, honest, virtuous)

• जवेन (javena) - immediately, without delay (swiftly, quickly, with speed)

• सन्धिम् (sandhim) - a peace treaty or alliance (treaty, peace, union, junction)

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should conclude a treaty (one should make, perform, do)

• पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - previous commitments, grievances, or alliances (previous, former, prior)

• पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - previous commitments, grievances, or alliances (previous, former, prior)

• विमोक्षयन् (vimokṣayan) - relinquishing previous commitments or points of contention (releasing, abandoning, giving up)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma, the revered elder in the Mahabharata (Bhishma (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - the terrible, formidable; Bhishma (proper name)

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Root 'vac' (to speak), perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

बाह्यः (bāhyaḥ) - an external ruler or state (external, outside, alien)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāhya

bāhya - external, foreign, outside, belonging to the outside

Derived from 'bahis' (outside)

Note: Used substantively as 'an external one'

चेत् (cet) - introduces a condition (if)

(indeclinable)

विजिगीषुः (vijigīṣuḥ) - an aspiring conqueror, a hostile king (wishing to conquer, desirous of victory, conqueror)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijigīṣu

vijigīṣu - desirous of victory, wishing to conquer, a conqueror

desiderative adjective

From desiderative stem of '√ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used substantively

स्यात् (syāt) - implies a conditional possibility (may be, should be, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

3rd person singular optative active of '√as'

Root: as (class 2)

धर्मार्थकुशलः (dharmārthakuśalaḥ) - expert in proper conduct, justice, and statecraft or economic policy (skilled in dharma and artha, expert in law and wealth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārthakuśala

dharmārthakuśala - skilled in dharma and artha, expert in righteousness and prosperity

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+kuśala)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material well-being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh
• kuśala – skillful, expert, proficient, well-being
  adjective (masculine)

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - morally upright, honest in dealings (pure, clean, honest, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, holy, virtuous, honest

Root: śuc (class 1)

जवेन (javena) - immediately, without delay (swiftly, quickly, with speed)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, velocity

Derived from '√jū' (to go quickly)

Root: jū (class 1)

सन्धिम् (sandhim) - a peace treaty or alliance (treaty, peace, union, junction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, junction, connection, peace, treaty, grammatical euphonic combination

From 'sam-dhā'

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should conclude a treaty (one should make, perform, do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

optative middle

3rd person singular optative middle of '√kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - previous commitments, grievances, or alliances (previous, former, prior)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, ancient, eastern

Note: Used substantively. Repetition ('pūrvān pūrvān') can indicate 'all previous ones' or 'one after another.'

पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - previous commitments, grievances, or alliances (previous, former, prior)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, ancient, eastern

Note: Repetition emphasizes 'all previous ones.'

विमोक्षयन् (vimokṣayan) - relinquishing previous commitments or points of contention (releasing, abandoning, giving up)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimokṣayat

vimokṣayat - releasing, abandoning, causing to be released

present active participle

From 'vi-muc' (to release, free) in causative sense, present active participle

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the subject of 'kurvīta'.