महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-100, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
प्रतर्दनो मैथिलश्च संग्रामं यत्र चक्रतुः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
pratardano maithilaśca saṁgrāmaṁ yatra cakratuḥ.

1. bhīṣma uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsaṃ purātanam
pratardanaḥ maithilaḥ ca saṃgrāmaṃ yatra cakratuḥ

1. bhīṣma uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsaṃ udāharanti
yatra pratardanaḥ maithilaḥ ca saṃgrāmaṃ cakratuḥ

1. Bhishma said: "Regarding this, they also cite this ancient historical account (itihāsa), in which Prataradana and the King of Mithila (Maithila) fought a battle."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate, they cite, they mention

• इमम् (imam) - this

• इतिहासं (itihāsaṁ) - historical account, history (itihāsa)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• प्रतर्दनः (pratardanaḥ) - Pratardana (name of a king) (Pratardana)

• मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - the King of Mithila (a Maithila, king of Mithila)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संग्रामं (saṁgrāmaṁ) - battle, combat

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

• चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they two fought (a battle) (they two did, they two made, they two performed)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru prince, son of Śāntanu)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate, they cite, they mention

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

इतिहासं (itihāsaṁ) - historical account, history (itihāsa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, historical account, legend, tradition

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

प्रतर्दनः (pratardanaḥ) - Pratardana (name of a king) (Pratardana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratardana

pratardana - Name of a king of Kāśī, son of Divodāsa

मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - the King of Mithila (a Maithila, king of Mithila)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maithila

maithila - belonging to Mithila, a native of Mithila, King of Mithila (e.g., Janaka)

From Mithilā + -a (secondary suffix)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संग्रामं (saṁgrāmaṁ) - battle, combat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war, conflict

From root gram- (to go) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

(indeclinable)

चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they two fought (a battle) (they two did, they two made, they two performed)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)