महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-172, verse-4

न हि तं वारयामास वसिष्ठो रक्षसां वधात् ।
द्वितीयामस्य मा भाङ्क्षं प्रतिज्ञामिति निश्चयात् ॥४॥

4. na hi taṁ vārayāmāsa vasiṣṭho rakṣasāṁ vadhāt ,
dvitīyāmasya mā bhāṅkṣaṁ pratijñāmiti niścayāt.

4. na hi tam vārayāmāsa vasiṣṭhaḥ rakṣasām vadhāt
dvitīyām asya mā bhāṅkṣam pratijñām iti niścayāt

4. Vasiṣṭha indeed did not stop him from slaying the rākṣasas, convinced (niścaya) with the thought, "May I not break his second vow."

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Viśvāmitra. (him, that)

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - restrained, prevented

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas, of the demons

• वधात् (vadhāt) - from the slaying, from killing

• द्वितीयाम् (dvitīyām) - second

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to Viśvāmitra. (his, of him)

• मा (mā) - not (prohibitive)

• भाङ्क्षम् (bhāṅkṣam) - may I break

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - vow, promise, pledge

• इति (iti) - Indicates a quote or thought. (thus, in this manner)

• निश्चयात् (niścayāt) - from conviction, with certainty, due to determination

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Viśvāmitra. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - restrained, prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vṛ

Periphrastic perfect tense, causative of vṛ. Often seen as vārayāṃ cakre.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a Vedic sage)

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas, of the demons

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, rākṣas

Note: Can also be masculine.

वधात् (vadhāt) - from the slaying, from killing

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, destruction

Derived from root han (to strike, kill), with irregularities.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used with 'vārayāmāsa' to mean 'prevented from'.

द्वितीयाम् (dvitīyām) - second

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, a second time

Note: Agrees with 'pratijñām'.

अस्य (asya) - Refers to Viśvāmitra. (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

मा (mā) - not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with Aorist for prohibition.

भाङ्क्षम् (bhāṅkṣam) - may I break

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhañj

Aorist, prohibitive mood

Root: bhañj (class 7)

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - vow, promise, pledge

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, pledge

prati (prefix) + jñā (to know)

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

इति (iti) - Indicates a quote or thought. (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

निश्चयात् (niścayāt) - from conviction, with certainty, due to determination

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - conviction, certainty, determination, ascertainment

ni (prefix) + ści (to cut, decide) + aya (suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Expresses cause or reason.