भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-1, verse-45
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥४५॥
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥४५॥
45. aho bata mahatpāpaṁ kartuṁ vyavasitā vayam ,
yadrājyasukhalobhena hantuṁ svajanamudyatāḥ.
yadrājyasukhalobhena hantuṁ svajanamudyatāḥ.
45.
aho bata mahat pāpam kartum vyavasitāḥ vayam
yat rājyasukhalobhena hantum svajanam udyatāḥ
yat rājyasukhalobhena hantum svajanam udyatāḥ
45.
aho bata vayam mahat pāpam kartum vyavasitāḥ
yat rājyasukhalobhena svajanam hantum udyatāḥ
yat rājyasukhalobhena svajanam hantum udyatāḥ
45.
Alas, oh, we are determined to commit a great sin, for we are ready to kill our own kinsmen due to our greed for the happiness of kingship.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहो (aho) - Expressing sorrow or regret (Alas! Oh! Ah!)
- बत (bata) - Expressing sorrow or regret, reinforcing 'aho' (Alas! Indeed! Oh!)
- महत् (mahat) - great, large, important
- पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness
- कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to commit
- व्यवसिताः (vyavasitāḥ) - resolved, determined, undertaken
- वयम् (vayam) - we
- यत् (yat) - introducing a causal clause (that, because, which)
- राज्यसुखलोभेन (rājyasukhalobhena) - by the greed for royal pleasure
- हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill, to slay, to strike
- स्वजनम् (svajanam) - one's own people, kinsmen, relatives
- उद्यताः (udyatāḥ) - ready, prepared, undertaken, about to begin
Words meanings and morphology
अहो (aho) - Expressing sorrow or regret (Alas! Oh! Ah!)
(indeclinable)
बत (bata) - Expressing sorrow or regret, reinforcing 'aho' (Alas! Indeed! Oh!)
(indeclinable)
महत् (mahat) - great, large, important
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat
mahat - great, large, mighty, important
Note: Agrees with pāpam
पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa
pāpa - sin, evil, vice, wickedness
Note: Object of `kartum`
कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to commit
(verb)
active, infinitive (tumun) of kṛ
infinitive
Infinitive form of root kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
व्यवसिताः (vyavasitāḥ) - resolved, determined, undertaken
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasita
vyavasita - resolved, determined, undertaken, decided
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of vyava-si (to resolve, determine)
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: so (class 4)
Note: Past passive participle acting as an adjective
वयम् (vayam) - we
(pronoun)
Nominative, plural of asmad
asmad - I, we
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'
यत् (yat) - introducing a causal clause (that, because, which)
(indeclinable)
राज्यसुखलोभेन (rājyasukhalobhena) - by the greed for royal pleasure
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājyasukhalobha
rājyasukhalobha - greed for the pleasure/happiness of kingship/kingdom
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+sukha+lobha)
- rājya – kingdom, sovereignty, royal power
noun (neuter) - sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
noun (neuter) - lobha – greed, covetousness
noun (masculine)
Root: lubh (class 4)
Note: Indicates the cause
हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill, to slay, to strike
(verb)
active, infinitive (tumun) of han
infinitive
Infinitive form of root han
Root: han (class 2)
स्वजनम् (svajanam) - one's own people, kinsmen, relatives
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svajana
svajana - one's own people, kinsmen, relatives
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+jana)
- sva – one's own
pronoun - jana – person, people, man
noun (masculine)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of `hantum`
उद्यताः (udyatāḥ) - ready, prepared, undertaken, about to begin
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of udyata
udyata - prepared, ready, undertaken, active
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of ud-yam (to raise, to prepare)
Prefix: ud
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Past passive participle acting as an adjective