भगवद्गीता bhagavad-gītā - chapter-1, verse-40

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कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥४०॥

40. kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ ,
dharme naṣṭe kulaṁ kṛtsnamadharmo'bhibhavatyuta.

40. kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ dharme
naṣṭe kulam kṛtsnam adharmaḥ abhibhavati uta

40. kulakṣaye sanātanāḥ kuladharmāḥ praṇaśyanti dharme
naṣṭe uta adharmaḥ kṛtsnam kulam abhibhavati

40. With the destruction of a family, its eternal family laws (dharma) are lost. When these laws (dharma) perish, unrighteousness (adharma) indeed overwhelms the entire family.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

कुलक्षये (kulakṣaye) - in the destruction of the family

प्रणश्यन्ति (praṇaśyanti) - perish, are destroyed

कुलधर्माः (kuladharmāḥ) - family laws, family duties (dharma)

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, ancient

धर्मे (dharme) - when the law (dharma) is

नष्टे (naṣṭe) - having been destroyed, lost

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, irreligion, non-law (adharma)

अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - overtakes, overwhelms, conquers

उत (uta) - and, also, indeed

Words meanings and morphology

कुलक्षये (kulakṣaye) - in the destruction of the family

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kulakṣaya

kulakṣaya - destruction of a family, family ruin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+kṣaya)

kula – family, lineage, race
noun (neuter)
kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
noun (masculine)
Root kṣi + -a
Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Locative absolute construction implied.

प्रणश्यन्ति (praṇaśyanti) - perish, are destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praṇaś

Present Indicative

Prefix pra + root naś (4P)

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)

कुलधर्माः (kuladharmāḥ) - family laws, family duties (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuladharma

kuladharma - family constitution, family law, family duty (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+dharma)

kula – family, lineage
noun (neuter)
dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, law
noun (masculine)
Root dhṛ + -man
Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'praṇaśyanti'.

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, ancient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, traditional

sana + -tana

Note: Agrees with 'kuladharmāḥ'.

धर्मे (dharme) - when the law (dharma) is

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, law

Root dhṛ + -man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

नष्टे (naṣṭe) - having been destroyed, lost

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, perished, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Root naś + -ta

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction, agrees with 'dharme'.

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan

Note: Object of 'abhibhavati'.

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

Note: Agrees with 'kulam'.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, irreligion, non-law (adharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, irreligion, impiety, injustice (adharma)

Compound: a (negation) + dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

a – not, non-
indeclinable
dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, law
noun (masculine)
Root dhṛ + -man
Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhibhavati'.

अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - overtakes, overwhelms, conquers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhibhū

Present Indicative

Prefix abhi + root bhū (1P)

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - and, also, indeed

(indeclinable)