भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-1, verse-2
संजय उवाच ।
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२॥
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२॥
2. saṁjaya uvāca ,
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṁ vyūḍhaṁ duryodhanastadā ,
ācāryamupasaṁgamya rājā vacanamabravīt.
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṁ vyūḍhaṁ duryodhanastadā ,
ācāryamupasaṁgamya rājā vacanamabravīt.
2.
sañjaya uvāca dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam vyūḍham duryodhanaḥ
tadā ācāryam upasaṅgamya rājā vacanam abravīt
tadā ācāryam upasaṅgamya rājā vacanam abravīt
2.
sañjaya uvāca tadā rājā duryodhanaḥ vyūḍham pāṇḍavānīkam
dṛṣṭvā tu ācāryam upasaṅgamya vacanam abravīt
dṛṣṭvā tu ācāryam upasaṅgamya vacanam abravīt
2.
Sañjaya said: 'Then King Duryodhana, having observed the Pāṇḍava army arrayed for battle, approached his teacher (ācārya) and spoke these words.'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya
- उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)
- तु (tu) - then (indicating a transition) (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)
- पाण्डवानीकम् (pāṇḍavānīkam) - the Pāṇḍava army
- व्यूढम् (vyūḍham) - arrayed for battle (arrayed, formed, drawn up)
- दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava))
- तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
- आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - to the teacher (Droṇa) (to the teacher, preceptor)
- उपसङ्गम्य (upasaṅgamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone near)
- राजा (rājā) - King (Duryodhana) (king)
- वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)
- अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said, told)
Words meanings and morphology
सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya
sañjaya - name of Vyāsa's disciple, charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, victory, conqueror
'Complete victory' (sam-jaya).
Prefix: sam
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.
उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect tense (lit).
Root: vac (class 2)
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root 'dṛś' with suffix 'ktvā'.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.
तु (tu) - then (indicating a transition) (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
पाण्डवानीकम् (pāṇḍavānīkam) - the Pāṇḍava army
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pāṇḍavānīka
pāṇḍavānīka - the army of the Pāṇḍavas
Compound of 'Pāṇḍava' and 'anīka'.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+anīka)
- pāṇḍava – son of Pāṇḍu
proper noun (masculine)
Patronymic from Pāṇḍu. - anīka – army, host, array
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.
व्यूढम् (vyūḍham) - arrayed for battle (arrayed, formed, drawn up)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vyūḍha
vyūḍha - arranged, arrayed, drawn up (as an army), extensive
Past Passive Participle
Ppp of 'vi-vah'.
Prefix: vi
Root: vah (class 1)
Note: Adjective modifying 'pāṇḍavānīkam'.
दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana
duryodhana - name of the eldest Kaurava prince, difficult to fight with
'Difficult to conquer/fight' (dur-yudh-ana).
Prefix: dur
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.
तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
(indeclinable)
Adverb of time.
आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - to the teacher (Droṇa) (to the teacher, preceptor)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ācārya
ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide
From 'ā-car' (to practice, to teach).
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Object of 'upasaṅgamya'.
उपसङ्गम्य (upasaṅgamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone near)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root 'gam' with prefixes 'upa-sam' and suffix 'lyap'.
Prefixes: upa+sam
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.
राजा (rājā) - King (Duryodhana) (king)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Apposition to 'Duryodhana'.
वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana
vacana - word, speech, statement, saying
Derived from root 'vac' (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said, told)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū
Imperfect tense (laṅ).
Root: brū (class 2)
Note: Main verb of the sentence.