भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-1, verse-20
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः ।
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥२०॥
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥२०॥
20. atha vyavasthitāndṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ ,
pravṛtte śastrasaṁpāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ.
pravṛtte śastrasaṁpāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ.
20.
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapidhvajaḥ
pravṛtte śastrasaṃpāte dhanuḥ udyamya pāṇḍavaḥ
pravṛtte śastrasaṃpāte dhanuḥ udyamya pāṇḍavaḥ
20.
atha kapidhvajaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ vyavasthitān dhārtarāṣṭrān
dṛṣṭvā śastrasaṃpāte pravṛtte dhanuḥ udyamya
dṛṣṭvā śastrasaṃpāte pravṛtte dhanuḥ udyamya
20.
Then, seeing the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) arrayed (for battle), Arjuna, whose banner bore the insignia of a monkey (kapidhvajaḥ), raised his bow as the clash of weapons was about to commence.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon
- व्यवस्थितान् (vyavasthitān) - arrayed (for battle) (arranged, arrayed, positioned)
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing
- धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
- कपिध्वजः (kapidhvajaḥ) - Arjuna (whose banner bears the insignia of a monkey) (whose banner has a monkey, monkey-bannered)
- प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had commenced (locative absolute) (commenced, begun)
- शस्त्रसंपाते (śastrasaṁpāte) - in the exchange of weapons (in the clash of weapons, in the shower of arrows)
- धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow
- उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, lifting up
- पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu) (son of Pāṇḍu)
Words meanings and morphology
अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon
(indeclinable)
व्यवस्थितान् (vyavasthitān) - arrayed (for battle) (arranged, arrayed, positioned)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita
sthā - to stand, to be placed, to remain
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle from root sthā (class 1) with upasargas vi and ava
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: sthā (class 1)
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Absolutive (gerund) from root dṛś (class 1)
Root: dṛś (class 1)
धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra
dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a king
patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra
कपिध्वजः (kapidhvajaḥ) - Arjuna (whose banner bears the insignia of a monkey) (whose banner has a monkey, monkey-bannered)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kapidhvaja
kapidhvaja - monkey-bannered
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kapi+dhvaja)
- kapi – monkey
noun (masculine) - dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
noun (masculine)
प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had commenced (locative absolute) (commenced, begun)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta
vṛt - to turn, to proceed, to exist
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle from root vṛt (class 1) with upasarga pra
Prefix: pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Used in a locative absolute construction
शस्त्रसंपाते (śastrasaṁpāte) - in the exchange of weapons (in the clash of weapons, in the shower of arrows)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of śastrasaṃpāta
śastrasaṁpāta - clash of weapons, shower of arrows
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+saṃpāta)
- śastra – weapon, sword
noun (neuter) - saṃpāta – falling together, clash, encounter, shower
noun (masculine)
from root pat (class 1) with upasarga sam
Prefix: sam
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Used in a locative absolute construction
धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus
dhanus - bow, arc
उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, lifting up
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Absolutive (gerund) from root yam (class 1) with upasarga ud
Prefix: ud
Root: yam (class 1)
पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu) (son of Pāṇḍu)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava
pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu
patronymic from Pāṇḍu