योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-8, verse-18

कालविद्भिर्विनिर्णीता यस्यातिचिरजीविता ।
स चेज्जीवति संछिन्नशिरास्तद्दैवमुत्तमम् ॥ १८ ॥

kālavidbhirvinirṇītā yasyāticirajīvitā ,
sa cejjīvati saṃchinnaśirāstaddaivamuttamam 18

18. kālavidbhiḥ vinirṇītā yasya aticirājīvitā saḥ
cet jīvati saṃchinnasirāḥ tat daivam uttamam

18. yasya aticirājīvitā kālavidbhiḥ vinirṇītā,
saḥ cet saṃchinnasirāḥ jīvati,
tat daivam uttamam

18. If a person, whose exceptionally long life has been ascertained by astrologers, were to live on even with his head severed, then that indeed demonstrates the supremacy of destiny (daiva).

Words meanings summery:

• कालविद्भिः (kālavidbhiḥ) - by the knowers of time, by astrologers, by chronologers

• विनिर्णीता (vinirṇītā) - determined, ascertained, decided

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• अतिचिराजीविता (aticirājīvitā) - exceedingly long life, great longevity

• सः (saḥ) - he

• चेत् (cet) - if, supposing that

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

• संछिन्नसिराः (saṁchinnasirāḥ) - with his head cut off, decapitated

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then

• दैवम् (daivam) - destiny, fate, divine power

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, supreme, best

Words meanings and morphology

कालविद्भिः (kālavidbhiḥ) - by the knowers of time, by astrologers, by chronologers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kālavid

kālavid - knower of time, astrologer, chronologer

From `kāla` (time) and `vid` (knower, from `vid` verb root 'to know'). Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+vid)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, learned
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid- 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

विनिर्णीता (vinirṇītā) - determined, ascertained, decided

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vinirṇīta

vinirṇīta - determined, ascertained, decided

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `nī` (to lead) with prefixes `vi` and `nir`.

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Feminine singular nominative, modifying `aticirājīvitā`.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun base.

Note: Refers to 'a person'.

अतिचिराजीविता (aticirājīvitā) - exceedingly long life, great longevity

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aticirājīvitā

aticirājīvitā - exceedingly long life, great longevity

Compound noun (Karmadhāraya) formed from `ati` (excessive) + `cira` (long time) + `jīvita` (life) with feminine suffix.

Compound type : karmadharaya (ati+cira+jīvita)

• ati – very, excessively, beyond
  indeclinable
• cira – long time, lasting
  adjective
• jīvita – life, living
  noun (neuter)
  From root `jīv` (to live). The feminine `-ā` ending makes it a feminine noun.
  Root: jīv (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun base.

Note: Refers to the person whose longevity is predicted.

चेत् (cet) - if, supposing that

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present active indicative

From root `jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

संछिन्नसिराः (saṁchinnasirāḥ) - with his head cut off, decapitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃchinnasiras

saṁchinnasiras - one whose head is cut off, decapitated

`sam` (completely) + `chinna` (cut) + `śiras` (head). `chinna` is PPP of `chid`.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sam+chinna+śiras)

• sam – together, completely, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix to `chinna`.
• chinna – cut, severed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `chid` (to cut).
  Root: chid (class 7)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, modifying `saḥ`.

तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun base.

Note: Used as an adverbial particle here.

दैवम् (daivam) - destiny, fate, divine power

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - destiny (daiva), fate, divine power, relating to gods

From `deva` (god) + suffix `-a` forming an adjective, then used as a neuter noun.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, supreme, best

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, supreme

Superlative form of `ud` (up) or `ut`.

Note: Neuter singular nominative, modifying `daivam`.