योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-5, verse-13

ततो दशरथो राजा रामः किं खेदवानिति ।
अपृच्छत्सर्वकार्यज्ञं वसिष्ठं वदतां वरम् ॥ १३ ॥

tato daśaratho rājā rāmaḥ kiṃ khedavāniti ,
apṛcchatsarvakāryajñaṃ vasiṣṭhaṃ vadatāṃ varam 13

13. tataḥ daśarathaḥ rājā rāmaḥ kim khedavān iti
apṛcchat sarva-kārya-jñam vasiṣṭham vadatām varam

13. Then King Daśaratha asked Vasiṣṭha, who knew all affairs and was the foremost among speakers, 'Why is Rāma distressed?'

13. אז שאל המלך דַשַׁרַתְהָ את וַסִשְׁטְהָ, המלומד היודע כל והנעלה שבדוברים, מדוע נתקף רָאמָה עצבות.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha)

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• खेदवान् (khedavān) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

• इति (iti) - thus, (introduces indirect question)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - King Daśaratha asked (he asked)

• सर्व-कार्य-ज्ञम् (sarva-kārya-jñam) - the knower of all matters/affairs, omniscient

• वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers, of those who speak

• वरम् (varam) - the best, excellent, preeminent

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (proper noun, name of the king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)

Note: Subject of 'apṛcchat'.

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'daśarathaḥ'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun, name of the prince)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the indirect question.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle.

Note: Introduces the question.

खेदवान् (khedavān) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khedavat

khedavat - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

Suffix -vat implying possession of 'kheda' (distress).

Note: Qualifies 'rāmaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, (introduces indirect question)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the indirect question.

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - King Daśaratha asked (he asked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect third singular active.

Prefix: a

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'daśarathaḥ rājā'.

सर्व-कार्य-ज्ञम् (sarva-kārya-jñam) - the knower of all matters/affairs, omniscient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva-kārya-jña

sarva-kārya-jña - knowing all actions/affairs, omniscient

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+kārya+jña)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• kārya – action, duty, affair, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root 'kṛ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jñā' with suffix -a.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'vasiṣṭham'.

वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (proper noun, a revered Vedic sage, family priest of Ikṣvāku dynasty)

Superlative of 'vasu' (good).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apṛcchat'.

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers, of those who speak

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'vad' (to speak), genitive plural.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Contextually implies 'among all speakers'.

वरम् (varam) - the best, excellent, preeminent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'vasiṣṭham'.

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