योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-5, verse-13

ततो दशरथो राजा रामः किं खेदवानिति ।
अपृच्छत्सर्वकार्यज्ञं वसिष्ठं वदतां वरम् ॥ १३ ॥

tato daśaratho rājā rāmaḥ kiṃ khedavāniti ,
apṛcchatsarvakāryajñaṃ vasiṣṭhaṃ vadatāṃ varam 13

13. tataḥ daśarathaḥ rājā rāmaḥ kim khedavān iti
apṛcchat sarva-kārya-jñam vasiṣṭham vadatām varam

13. Then King Daśaratha asked Vasiṣṭha, who knew all affairs and was the foremost among speakers, 'Why is Rāma distressed?'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha)

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• खेदवान् (khedavān) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

• इति (iti) - thus, (introduces indirect question)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - King Daśaratha asked (he asked)

• सर्व-कार्य-ज्ञम् (sarva-kārya-jñam) - the knower of all matters/affairs, omniscient

• वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers, of those who speak

• वरम् (varam) - the best, excellent, preeminent

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (proper noun, name of the king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)

Note: Subject of 'apṛcchat'.

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'daśarathaḥ'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun, name of the prince)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the indirect question.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle.

Note: Introduces the question.

खेदवान् (khedavān) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khedavat

khedavat - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

Suffix -vat implying possession of 'kheda' (distress).

Note: Qualifies 'rāmaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, (introduces indirect question)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the indirect question.

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - King Daśaratha asked (he asked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect third singular active.

Prefix: a

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'daśarathaḥ rājā'.

सर्व-कार्य-ज्ञम् (sarva-kārya-jñam) - the knower of all matters/affairs, omniscient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva-kārya-jña

sarva-kārya-jña - knowing all actions/affairs, omniscient

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+kārya+jña)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• kārya – action, duty, affair, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root 'kṛ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jñā' with suffix -a.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'vasiṣṭham'.

वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (proper noun, a revered Vedic sage, family priest of Ikṣvāku dynasty)

Superlative of 'vasu' (good).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apṛcchat'.

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers, of those who speak

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'vad' (to speak), genitive plural.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Contextually implies 'among all speakers'.

वरम् (varam) - the best, excellent, preeminent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'vasiṣṭham'.

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