योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-5, verse-10

तथा तेषु तनूजेषु खेदवत्सु कृशेषु च ।
सपत्नीको महीपालश्चिन्ताविवशतां ययौ ॥ १० ॥

tathā teṣu tanūjeṣu khedavatsu kṛśeṣu ca ,
sapatnīko mahīpālaścintāvivaśatāṃ yayau 10

10. tathā teṣu tanūjeṣu khedavatsu kṛśeṣu ca
sapatnīkaḥ mahīpālaḥ cintā-vivaśatām yayau

10. And so, as his sons became distressed and emaciated, the king, accompanied by his wife, fell into a state of intense anxiety.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

• तेषु (teṣu) - among his sons (in them, among them)

• तनूजेषु (tanūjeṣu) - in the sons, among the children

• खेदवत्सु (khedavatsu) - in those who were distressed, sorrowful, grieved

• कृशेषु (kṛśeṣu) - in those who were emaciated, weak, thin

• च (ca) - and

• सपत्नीकः (sapatnīkaḥ) - King Daśaratha accompanied by his wife Kauśalyā (accompanied by his wife)

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - King Daśaratha (the king, protector of the earth)

• चिन्ता-विवशताम् (cintā-vivaśatām) - a state of being overcome by anxiety, helplessness due to worry

• ययौ (yayau) - he fell into, he attained (he went, attained, became)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

तेषु (teṣu) - among his sons (in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sons.

तनूजेषु (tanūjeṣu) - in the sons, among the children

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tanūja

tanūja - son, child (born of the body)

Derived from 'tanu' (body) + 'ja' (born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Rāma and his brothers.

खेदवत्सु (khedavatsu) - in those who were distressed, sorrowful, grieved

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of khedavat

khedavat - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

Suffix -vat implying possession of 'kheda' (distress).

Note: Qualifies 'tanūjeṣu'.

कृशेषु (kṛśeṣu) - in those who were emaciated, weak, thin

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, emaciated, weak

Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tanūjeṣu'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'khedavatsu' and 'kṛśeṣu'.

सपत्नीकः (sapatnīkaḥ) - King Daśaratha accompanied by his wife Kauśalyā (accompanied by his wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sapatnīka

sapatnīka - accompanied by one's wife, having a wife with him

Derived from 'sa' (with) + 'patnī' (wife) + '-ka' (suffix).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+patnī)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• patnī – wife
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpālaḥ'. Refers to King Daśaratha and Kauśalyā.

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - King Daśaratha (the king, protector of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth, ruler

Derived from 'mahī' (earth) + 'pāla' (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Refers to King Daśaratha.

चिन्ता-विवशताम् (cintā-vivaśatām) - a state of being overcome by anxiety, helplessness due to worry

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cintā-vivaśatā

cintā-vivaśatā - a state of being overcome by anxiety/worry

Derived from 'cintā' (worry) + 'vivaśatā' (helplessness).

Compound type : tatpurusha (cintā+vivaśatā)

• cintā – thought, worry, anxiety
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cit (class 1)
• vivaśatā – helplessness, being under the sway of
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from 'vi-vaśa' (helpless) + '-tā' (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'yayau'.

ययौ (yayau) - he fell into, he attained (he went, attained, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect third singular active.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'mahīpālaḥ'.