वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-75, verse-10

स निक्षिप्य सुतं ज्येष्ठं पौरेषु परमेश्वरम् ।
तप उग्रमुपातिष्ठत्तापयन् सर्वदेवताः ॥१०॥

10. sa nikṣipya sutaṃ jyeṣṭhaṃ paureṣu parameśvaram ,
tapa ugramupātiṣṭhattāpayan sarvadevatāḥ.

10. saḥ nikṣipya sutam jyeṣṭham paureṣu parameśvaram
tapaḥ ugram upātiṣṭhat tāpayan sarvadevatāḥ

10. saḥ jyeṣṭham sutam parameśvaram paureṣu nikṣipya
ugram tapaḥ upātiṣṭhat sarvadevatāḥ tāpayan

10. He, having entrusted his eldest son as the supreme lord to the citizens, then undertook severe austerity (tapas), causing all the deities to suffer.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - having entrusted, having placed, having deposited

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best)

• पौरेषु (paureṣu) - among the citizens, to the citizens

• परमेश्वरम् (parameśvaram) - supreme lord, sovereign

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice, penance (austerity, penance, heat)

• उग्रम् (ugram) - severe, fierce, dreadful

• उपातिष्ठत् (upātiṣṭhat) - he undertook (tapas) (he undertook, he approached, he stood by)

• तापयन् (tāpayan) - tormenting (the deities) (causing to burn, tormenting, heating)

• सर्वदेवताः (sarvadevatāḥ) - all the deities, all the gods

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - having entrusted, having placed, having deposited

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root kṣip (to throw) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Precedes the main verb.

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of sū (to bear, bring forth).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of nikṣipya.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, best, chief, most excellent

Note: Describes sutam.

पौरेषु (paureṣu) - among the citizens, to the citizens

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, townsman, belonging to a town

Note: Indicates the group to whom the son was entrusted.

परमेश्वरम् (parameśvaram) - supreme lord, sovereign

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parameśvara

parameśvara - supreme lord, sovereign, ruler

Compound: parama (supreme) + īśvara (lord).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+īśvara)

• parama – supreme, highest
  adjective
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes sutam.

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice, penance (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of upātiṣṭhat.

उग्रम् (ugram) - severe, fierce, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, severe, formidable, dreadful

Note: Describes tapaḥ.

उपातिष्ठत् (upātiṣṭhat) - he undertook (tapas) (he undertook, he approached, he stood by)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upasthā

Imperfect tense, active voice

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तापयन् (tāpayan) - tormenting (the deities) (causing to burn, tormenting, heating)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpayat

tāpayat - causing to burn, heating, tormenting, afflicting

Present Active Participle (causative)

Causative of root tap (to heat, burn, suffer penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the subject saḥ concurrently with upātiṣṭhat.

सर्वदेवताः (sarvadevatāḥ) - all the deities, all the gods

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarvadevatā

sarvadevatā - all deities, all gods

Compound: sarva (all) + devatā (deity).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+devatā)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• devatā – deity, divinity, godhead
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of tāpayan.