वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-68, verse-7

तत्राहमवसं रात्रिं नैदाघीं पुरुषर्षभ ।
प्रभाते काल्यमुत्थाय सरस्तदुपचक्रमे ॥७॥

7. tatrāhamavasaṃ rātriṃ naidāghīṃ puruṣarṣabha ,
prabhāte kālyamutthāya sarastadupacakrame.

7. tatra aham avasam rātrim naidāghīm puruṣarṣabha
prabhāte kālyam utthāya saraḥ tat upacakrame

7. puruṣarṣabha aham tatra naidāghīm rātrim avasam
prabhāte kālyam utthāya tat saraḥ upacakrame

7. O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), I spent that summer night there. In the morning, having risen early, I approached that lake.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अवसम् (avasam) - I lived, I stayed, I passed

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

• नैदाघीम् (naidāghīm) - summer, relating to summer

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O bull among men

• प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning, at dawn

• काल्यम् (kālyam) - early, at dawn, timely

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen, getting up

• सरः (saraḥ) - lake, pond

• तत् (tat) - that

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - I approached, I began to go towards

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative case ending of 'tad' (that) used as an adverb

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

अवसम् (avasam) - I lived, I stayed, I passed

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vas

Prefix: ava

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: From ava + √vas

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

नैदाघीम् (naidāghīm) - summer, relating to summer

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of naidāghī

naidāghī - summer, relating to summer

Derived from nidāgha (summer)

Note: Agrees with rātrim

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O bull among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawn, morning

काल्यम् (kālyam) - early, at dawn, timely

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kālya

kālya - early, timely, fit for the time

Derived from kāla (time)

Note: Used adverbially

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen, getting up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with prefix ut- and suffix -ya after prefixes

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund)

सरः (saraḥ) - lake, pond

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with saraḥ

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - I approached, I began to go towards

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kram

Perfect tense, ātmanepada

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

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