वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-68, verse-4

तस्यारण्यस्य मध्ये तु सरो योजनमायतम् ।
पद्मोत्पलसमाकीर्णं समतिक्रान्तशैवलम् ॥४॥

4. tasyāraṇyasya madhye tu saro yojanamāyatam ,
padmotpalasamākīrṇaṃ samatikrāntaśaivalam.

4. tasya araṇyasya madhye tu saraḥ yojanam āyatam
padmotpalasamākīrṇam samatikrāntaśaivalam

4. tu tasya araṇyasya madhye yojanam āyatam
padmotpalasamākīrṇam samatikrāntaśaivalam saraḥ

4. And in the midst of that forest, there was a lake, a full yojana (about 8 miles) in extent, completely covered with lotuses and water lilies, and entirely free from moss.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of it, its, of that

• अरण्यस्य (araṇyasya) - of the forest

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

• तु (tu) - but, however, and, indeed

• सरः (saraḥ) - lake, pond

• योजनम् (yojanam) - a yojana (approximately 8 miles) (a yojana (measure of distance))

• आयतम् (āyatam) - extensive, broad, long, extended

• पद्मोत्पलसमाकीर्णम् (padmotpalasamākīrṇam) - completely covered/filled with lotuses and water lilies

• समतिक्रान्तशैवलम् (samatikrāntaśaivalam) - completely free from moss, having surpassed moss

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of it, its, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अरण्यस्य (araṇyasya) - of the forest

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

तु (tu) - but, however, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

सरः (saraḥ) - lake, pond

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool

योजनम् (yojanam) - a yojana (approximately 8 miles) (a yojana (measure of distance))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yojana

yojana - a measure of distance (approx. 8 miles or 13 km)

Note: Used as a nominative of extent, agreeing with 'saraḥ'.

आयतम् (āyatam) - extensive, broad, long, extended

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyata

āyata - extended, stretched, long, extensive

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root 'yam' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saraḥ'.

पद्मोत्पलसमाकीर्णम् (padmotpalasamākīrṇam) - completely covered/filled with lotuses and water lilies

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of padmotpalasamākīrṇa

padmotpalasamākīrṇa - filled/covered with lotuses and water lilies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (padmotpala+samākīrṇa)

• padmotpala – lotus and water lily
  noun (neuter)
• samākīrṇa – completely filled, covered, crowded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from root 'kṝ' with prefixes 'sam-' and 'ā-'.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kṝ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'saraḥ'.

समतिक्रान्तशैवलम् (samatikrāntaśaivalam) - completely free from moss, having surpassed moss

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samatikrāntaśaivala

samatikrāntaśaivala - devoid of moss, having completely overcome moss

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samatikrānta+śaivala)

• samatikrānta – completely surpassed, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from root 'kram' with prefixes 'sam-' and 'ati-'.
  Prefixes: sam+ati
  Root: kram (class 1)
• śaivala – moss, aquatic plant
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'saraḥ'.

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