वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-68, verse-15

तमहं देवसंकाशमारोहन्तमुदीक्ष्य वै ।
अथाहमब्रुवं वाक्यं तमेव पुरुषर्षभ ॥१५॥

15. tamahaṃ devasaṃkāśamārohantamudīkṣya vai ,
athāhamabruvaṃ vākyaṃ tameva puruṣarṣabha.

15. tam aham devasaṃkāśam ārohantam udīkṣya vai
atha aham abruvam vākyam tam eva puruṣarṣabha

15. Having indeed seen him, who was god-like and ascending, I then spoke these words to that very best among men.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the specific person seen ascending) (him, that)

• अहम् (aham) - the speaker (I)

• देवसंकाशम् (devasaṁkāśam) - resembling a god (god-like, resembling a deity)

• आरोहन्तम् (ārohantam) - (him) who was ascending (ascending, climbing)

• उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - after seeing or perceiving (having seen, perceiving, having observed)

• वै (vai) - particle for emphasis (indeed, verily, surely)

• अथ (atha) - indicating sequence of events (then, thereupon, now)

• अहम् (aham) - the speaker (I)

• अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said these words (I spoke, I said)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the words spoken (word, speech, sentence)

• तम् (tam) - to that specific person (to him, that)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'that very one' (only, just, indeed, very)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - Addressing the ascending figure as the best of men (O best among men)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the specific person seen ascending) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the male figure.

अहम् (aham) - the speaker (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I

देवसंकाशम् (devasaṁkāśam) - resembling a god (god-like, resembling a deity)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devasaṃkāśa

devasaṁkāśa - god-like, resembling a god

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+saṃkāśa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  From sam-kāś (to appear, shine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the understood 'him'.

आरोहन्तम् (ārohantam) - (him) who was ascending (ascending, climbing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārohant

ārohant - ascending, climbing, rising

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root ruh with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Modifies the understood 'him'.

उदीक्ष्य (udīkṣya) - after seeing or perceiving (having seen, perceiving, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From the root īkṣ with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

वै (vai) - particle for emphasis (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अथ (atha) - indicating sequence of events (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the seeing with the speaking.

अहम् (aham) - the speaker (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I

Note: Reinforces the subject of the action of speaking.

अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said these words (I spoke, I said)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bru

Aorist

Root: bru (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the words spoken (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abruvam'.

तम् (tam) - to that specific person (to him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Implied dative relation, indicating the recipient of the speech.

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'that very one' (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tam'.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - Addressing the ascending figure as the best of men (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best among men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to the person being spoken to.

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