वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-68, verse-16

को भवान्देवसंकाश आहारश्च विगर्हितः ।
त्वयायं भुज्यते सौम्य किं कर्थं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥१६॥

16. ko bhavāndevasaṃkāśa āhāraśca vigarhitaḥ ,
tvayāyaṃ bhujyate saumya kiṃ karthaṃ vaktumarhasi.

16. kaḥ bhavān devasaṃkāśaḥ āhāraḥ ca vigarhitaḥ tvayā
ayam bhujyate saumya kim katham vaktum arhasi

16. Who are you, O god-like one? And this food is reprehensible. O gentle one, this is being eaten by you. What (is the reason) and how (is this possible)? You ought to speak.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - an inquiry about identity (who)

• भवान् (bhavān) - respectful address to the interlocutor (you (respectful))

• देवसंकाशः (devasaṁkāśaḥ) - describing the appearance of the person (god-like, resembling a deity)

• आहारः (āhāraḥ) - the specific food being consumed (food, nourishment, eating)

• च (ca) - connects the questions about identity and food (and, also)

• विगर्हितः (vigarhitaḥ) - the food is considered blameworthy (censured, blamed, reprehensible, condemned)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by the interlocutor (by you)

• अयम् (ayam) - refers to the 'reprehensible food' (this)

• भुज्यते (bhujyate) - the food is consumed (is eaten, is enjoyed)

• सौम्य (saumya) - polite address to the interlocutor (O gentle one, O benevolent one)

• किम् (kim) - interrogative for reason (what, why)

• कथम् (katham) - interrogative for manner (how)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to provide an explanation (to speak, to explain)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should explain (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - an inquiry about identity (who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

भवान् (bhavān) - respectful address to the interlocutor (you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), being, existing

Present Active Participle (when meaning 'being')

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Polite form of address.

देवसंकाशः (devasaṁkāśaḥ) - describing the appearance of the person (god-like, resembling a deity)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devasaṃkāśa

devasaṁkāśa - god-like, resembling a god

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+saṃkāśa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  From sam-kāś (to appear, shine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavān'.

आहारः (āhāraḥ) - the specific food being consumed (food, nourishment, eating)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, nourishment, diet, eating

Derived from ā-hṛ (to fetch, to eat)

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

च (ca) - connects the questions about identity and food (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Coordinating conjunction.

विगर्हितः (vigarhitaḥ) - the food is considered blameworthy (censured, blamed, reprehensible, condemned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigarhita

vigarhita - censured, blamed, reprehensible, despicable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root garh with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'āhāraḥ'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by the interlocutor (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

अयम् (ayam) - refers to the 'reprehensible food' (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the food (āhāra) mentioned.

भुज्यते (bhujyate) - the food is consumed (is eaten, is enjoyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present Passive

Root: bhuj (class 7)

सौम्य (saumya) - polite address to the interlocutor (O gentle one, O benevolent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, benevolent, mild, lunar

Note: An address to the person being spoken to.

किम् (kim) - interrogative for reason (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle asking "why".

कथम् (katham) - interrogative for manner (how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle asking "how".

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to provide an explanation (to speak, to explain)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of the root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as the object of 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should explain (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Expresses obligation or capability.

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