वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-6, verse-1

लङ्कायां तु कृतं कर्म घोरं दृष्ट्वा भवावहम् ।
राक्षसेन्द्रो हनुमता शक्रेणेव महात्मना ।
अब्रवीद् राक्षसान् सर्वान् ह्रिया किं चिदवाङ्मुखः ॥१॥

1. laṅkāyāṃ tu kṛtaṃ karma ghoraṃ dṛṣṭvā bhavāvaham ,
rākṣasendro hanumatā śakreṇeva mahātmanā ,
abravīd rākṣasān sarvān hriyā kiṃ cidavāṅmukhaḥ.

1. laṅkāyām tu kṛtam karma ghoram
bhavāvaham dṛṣṭvā rākṣasendraḥ hanumatā
śakreṇa iva mahātmanā abravīt rākṣasān
sarvān hriyā kiṃcit avāṅmukhaḥ

1. hanumatā mahātmanā śakreṇa iva laṅkāyām kṛtam ghoram bhavāvaham karma dṛṣṭvā,
hriyā kiṃcit avāṅmukhaḥ rākṣasendraḥ sarvān rākṣasān abravīt

1. Having seen the terrible and dangerous deed performed in Laṅkā by Hanumat – like the great-souled Indra – the lord of the rākṣasas, his face somewhat downcast due to shame, spoke to all the rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• लङ्कायाम् (laṅkāyām) - in Laṅkā

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, as for

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed, made

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• भवावहम् (bhavāvaham) - causing danger/dreadful consequences (often understood as 'bhayāvaham' in this context) (causing existence/being; causing dreadful consequences, dangerous)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the king of the rākṣasas (lord of the rākṣasas (demons))

• हनुमता (hanumatā) - by Hanumat

• शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Indra

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Hanumat) (by the great-souled, by the noble one)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• राक्षसान् (rākṣasān) - to the rākṣasas (demons)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - due to shame (by shame, with modesty)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - somewhat, a little, slightly

• अवाङ्मुखः (avāṅmukhaḥ) - downcast face, facing downwards

Words meanings and morphology

लङ्कायाम् (laṅkāyām) - in Laṅkā

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (the island city of the Rākṣasas, ruled by Rāvaṇa)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, as for

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed, made

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root kṛ (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, result of action

From root kṛ + man

Root: kṛ (class 8)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, frightful, fierce, awful

भवावहम् (bhavāvaham) - causing danger/dreadful consequences (often understood as 'bhayāvaham' in this context) (causing existence/being; causing dreadful consequences, dangerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavāvaha

bhavāvaha - bringing about existence or being; causing (good or bad) results, dangerous, frightful (often considered a variant of 'bhayāvaha')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhava+āvaha)

• bhava – being, existence, birth, becoming, the world
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing, carrying
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vah (to carry) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from the root dṛś (to see) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the king of the rākṣasas (lord of the rākṣasas (demons))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - chief of rākṣasas, king of demons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – a demon, an evil being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, king; Indra (the king of gods)
  noun (masculine)

हनुमता (hanumatā) - by Hanumat

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanumat (the divine vanara companion of Rāma)

शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (king of the gods)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Hanumat) (by the great-souled, by the noble one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)

राक्षसान् (rākṣasān) - to the rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil being

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

ह्रिया (hriyā) - due to shame (by shame, with modesty)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - shame, modesty, embarrassment

Root: hrī (class 1)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - somewhat, a little, slightly

(indeclinable)

अवाङ्मुखः (avāṅmukhaḥ) - downcast face, facing downwards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avāṅmukha

avāṅmukha - having the face turned downwards, downcast (e.g., due to shame or grief)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avāc+mukha)

• avāc – downwards, south
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

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