वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-39, verse-8

कथं नु खल्वद्य भवेत् सुखागतं प्रसह्य युद्धं मम राक्षसैः सह ।
तथैव खल्वात्मबलं च सारवत् समानयेन्मां च रणे दशाननः ॥८॥

8. kathaṃ nu khalvadya bhavet sukhāgataṃ prasahya yuddhaṃ mama rākṣasaiḥ saha ,
tathaiva khalvātmabalaṃ ca sāravat samānayenmāṃ ca raṇe daśānanaḥ.

8. katham nu khalu adya bhavet sukhāgatam
prasahya yuddham mama rākṣasaiḥ
saha tathā eva khalu ātmabalam ca
sāravat samānayet mām ca raṇe daśānanaḥ

8. How indeed might an easily provoked, decisive battle with the Rākṣasas occur for me today? And similarly, may Daśānana (Rāvaṇa) himself bring me to battle, along with his substantial personal strength (ātman-bala).

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (questioning the possibility) (how, in what manner, why)

• नु (nu) - indeed (expressing a subtle question or desire) (now, indeed, possibly (particle of interrogation or emphasis))

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, truly (indeed, certainly, surely (emphatic particle))

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now, at present)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - might occur (it would be, it should be, may it be)

• सुखागतम् (sukhāgatam) - easily provoked (referring to the battle) (easily obtained, happily arrived, having come easily)

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, decisively (to initiate battle) (by force, violently, overcoming)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight, war)

• मम (mama) - for me (Hanumān) (my, of me)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - with the Rākṣasas (by/with Rākṣasas)

• सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

• एव (eva) - himself (emphatic for Daśānana) (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely (emphatic particle))

• आत्मबलम् (ātmabalam) - his substantial personal strength (Rāvaṇa's) (one's own strength, intrinsic strength, personal power)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सारवत् (sāravat) - substantial (modifies ātmabalam) (substantial, essential, strong, vigorous)

• समानयेत् (samānayet) - may bring forth, may commit (to battle) (may bring together, should bring forth, gather)

• माम् (mām) - me (Hanumān) (me)

• च (ca) - and (links mām and ātmabalam) (and, also, moreover)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Daśānana (Rāvaṇa) (Rāvaṇa (the ten-headed one))

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (questioning the possibility) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (expressing a subtle question or desire) (now, indeed, possibly (particle of interrogation or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, truly (indeed, certainly, surely (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now, at present)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - might occur (it would be, it should be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुखागतम् (sukhāgatam) - easily provoked (referring to the battle) (easily obtained, happily arrived, having come easily)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukhāgata

sukhāgata - easily obtained, happily arrived

Past Passive Participle

Compound: sukha (ease) + āgata (arrived)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+āgata)

• sukha – ease, comfort, happiness
  noun (neuter)
• āgata – arrived, come
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam with ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: modifies yuddham

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, decisively (to initiate battle) (by force, violently, overcoming)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root sah with pra (prefix) and -ya suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of the battle or its occurrence.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of bhavet

मम (mama) - for me (Hanumān) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Can be dative in certain contexts, here 'for me'.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - with the Rākṣasas (by/with Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa, demon

Note: Used with 'saha'

सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - himself (emphatic for Daśānana) (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'Daśānanaḥ'

खलु (khalu) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

आत्मबलम् (ātmabalam) - his substantial personal strength (Rāvaṇa's) (one's own strength, intrinsic strength, personal power)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmabala

ātmabala - one's own strength, intrinsic strength, personal power

Compound: ātman (self) + bala (strength)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+bala)

• ātman – self, soul, being, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Object of samānayet

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

सारवत् (sāravat) - substantial (modifies ātmabalam) (substantial, essential, strong, vigorous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāravat

sāravat - substantial, essential, strong, vigorous

Possessive adjective from sāra + matup suffix

Note: Modifies ātmabalam

समानयेत् (samānayet) - may bring forth, may commit (to battle) (may bring together, should bring forth, gather)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of samānī

from root nī with sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me (Hanumān) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Object of samānayet

च (ca) - and (links mām and ātmabalam) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

from root raṇ

Root: raṇ (class 1)

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Daśānana (Rāvaṇa) (Rāvaṇa (the ten-headed one))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - Rāvaṇa (ten-headed)

Compound: daśa (ten) + ānana (face/head)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+ānana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth, head
  noun (neuter)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of samānayet

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