वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-39, verse-17

स तस्य कृत्वार्थपतेर्महाकपिर्महद्व्यलीकं मनसो महात्मनः ।
युयुत्सुरेको बहुभिर्महाबलैः श्रिया ज्वलंस्तोरणमाश्रितः कपिः ॥१७॥

17. sa tasya kṛtvārthapatermahākapirmahadvyalīkaṃ manaso mahātmanaḥ ,
yuyutsureko bahubhirmahābalaiḥ śriyā jvalaṃstoraṇamāśritaḥ kapiḥ.

17. saḥ tasya kṛtvā arthapateḥ mahākapiḥ
mahat vyalīkam manasaḥ mahātmanaḥ
yuyutsuḥ ekaḥ bahubhiḥ mahābalaiḥ
śriyā jvalan toraṇam āśritaḥ kapiḥ

17. saḥ mahākapiḥ kṛtvā mahat vyalīkam
tasya arthapateḥ mahātmanaḥ manasaḥ
ekaḥ yuyutsuḥ bahubhiḥ mahābalaiḥ
śriyā jvalan toraṇam āśritaḥ kapiḥ

17. That great monkey (Hanumān), having caused great displeasure to the mind of the high-souled lord (Rāvaṇa), stood upon the archway, shining with splendor, desiring to fight alone against many powerful foes.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Rāvaṇa) (of him, his, of that)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having caused (having done, having made)

• अर्थपतेः (arthapateḥ) - of the lord (Rāvaṇa) (of the lord of wealth, of the master of affairs)

• महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - the great monkey (Hanumān) (the great monkey)

• महत् (mahat) - great (displeasure) (great, large, mighty)

• व्यलीकम् (vyalīkam) - great displeasure (offense, displeasure, injury, wrong)

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - to the mind (of the mind, from the mind)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the high-souled (lord Rāvaṇa) (of the high-souled, of the great-souled)

• युयुत्सुः (yuyutsuḥ) - desiring to fight (desirous of fighting, eager to fight)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone, single)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - against many (foes) (by many, with many)

• महाबलैः (mahābalaiḥ) - against many powerful foes (by those of great strength, by powerful ones)

• श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor (with splendor, with glory, by prosperity)

• ज्वलन् (jvalan) - shining (burning, shining, blazing)

• तोरणम् (toraṇam) - the archway (archway, gate, decorated entrance)

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - stood upon (resorted to, dependent on, occupying, standing upon)

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (Hanumān) (monkey, ape)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Masculine nominative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Rāvaṇa) (of him, his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Masculine or neuter genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Refers to the lord (Rāvaṇa).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having caused (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix 'tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्थपतेः (arthapateḥ) - of the lord (Rāvaṇa) (of the lord of wealth, of the master of affairs)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arthapati

arthapati - lord of wealth, master of affairs, king

Compound of 'artha' (wealth, purpose) and 'pati' (lord, master). Genitive singular form of 'arthapati' (i-stem).

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+pati)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 5)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - the great monkey (Hanumān) (the great monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākapi

mahākapi - great monkey

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'kapi' (monkey). Nominative singular form.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kapi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' (great), used as the first part of a compound.
• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

महत् (mahat) - great (displeasure) (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Stem of the adjective 'mahat'. Here in neuter singular accusative.

Root: mah (class 1)

व्यलीकम् (vyalīkam) - great displeasure (offense, displeasure, injury, wrong)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyalīka

vyalīka - offense, displeasure, injury, wrong, fault

Derived from 'vi' + 'alīka' (false, wrong). Neuter singular accusative form.

Prefix: vi

Root: alik (class 1)

मनसः (manasaḥ) - to the mind (of the mind, from the mind)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit

's'-stem noun. Genitive singular form.

Root: man (class 4)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the high-souled (lord Rāvaṇa) (of the high-souled, of the great-souled)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - high-souled, great-souled, noble

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (self, soul). Genitive singular form.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' (great), used as the first part of a compound.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'arthapateḥ'.

युयुत्सुः (yuyutsuḥ) - desiring to fight (desirous of fighting, eager to fight)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting, eager for battle

Desiderative

Derived from desiderative stem of root 'yudh' (to fight) with suffix 'u'. Nominative singular masculine form.

Root: yudh (class 4)

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone, single)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Nominative singular masculine form.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - against many (foes) (by many, with many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Instrumental plural form. Used here in the sense of 'against' when followed by verbs of fighting.

महाबलैः (mahābalaiḥ) - against many powerful foes (by those of great strength, by powerful ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful, a strong person

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bala' (strength). Instrumental plural form. Used here as a noun referring to powerful foes.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' (great), used as the first part of a compound.
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

श्रिया (śriyā) - with splendor (with splendor, with glory, by prosperity)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, prosperity, beauty, Lakshmi

Instrumental singular form of 'śrī' (feminine 'ī'-stem noun).

Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Expresses the manner in which he was shining.

ज्वलन् (jvalan) - shining (burning, shining, blazing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - burning, shining, blazing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'jval' (to burn, shine) with present participle suffix 'at'. Nominative singular masculine form.

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the monkey.

तोरणम् (toraṇam) - the archway (archway, gate, decorated entrance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toraṇa

toraṇa - archway, gate, decorated entrance, festooned gateway

Neuter singular accusative form.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - stood upon (resorted to, dependent on, occupying, standing upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, supported by, occupying

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śri' (to resort to, serve) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'ta'. Nominative singular masculine form.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Often used with an active sense when referring to a state or position taken.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (Hanumān) (monkey, ape)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Nominative singular form.

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

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