वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-39, verse-5

कार्ये कर्मणि निर्दिष्टो यो बहून्यपि साधयेत् ।
पूर्वकार्यविरोधेन स कार्यं कर्तुमर्हति ॥५॥

5. kārye karmaṇi nirdiṣṭo yo bahūnyapi sādhayet ,
pūrvakāryavirodhena sa kāryaṃ kartumarhati.

5. kārye karmaṇi nirdiṣṭaḥ yaḥ bahūni api sādhayet
| pūrvakāryavirodhena saḥ kāryam kartum arhati

5. yaḥ kārye karmaṇi nirdiṣṭaḥ bahūni api sādhayet
saḥ pūrvakāryavirodhena kāryam kartum arhati

5. Whoever, having been appointed to a specific task, can accomplish even many other things, is qualified to perform that task without contradicting a previous undertaking (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• कार्ये (kārye) - in a task, for a task (in the task, in the work, in the matter)

• कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in an action, in a duty (in the action, in the deed, in the duty)

• निर्दिष्टः (nirdiṣṭaḥ) - appointed, designated (appointed, designated, commanded, directed)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, whoever)

• बहूनि (bahūni) - many (other tasks/things) (many, much)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, and)

• साधयेत् (sādhayet) - can accomplish (he should accomplish, he might accomplish, he can achieve)

• पूर्वकार्यविरोधेन (pūrvakāryavirodhena) - without contradicting a previous undertaking (by opposition to a former task, by conflict with a previous undertaking)

• सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - that task (the current one) (the task, the work)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to perform (to do, to make, to perform)

• अर्हति (arhati) - is qualified, is fit (he deserves, he is able, he is qualified, he ought)

Words meanings and morphology

कार्ये (kārye) - in a task, for a task (in the task, in the work, in the matter)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, task, business, duty, what is to be done

Gerundive

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ya' indicating 'to be done'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the specific duty or objective.

कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in an action, in a duty (in the action, in the deed, in the duty)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: In apposition with 'kārye'.

निर्दिष्टः (nirdiṣṭaḥ) - appointed, designated (appointed, designated, commanded, directed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdiṣṭa

nirdiṣṭa - appointed, designated, commanded, directed, shown

Past Passive Participle

From root 'diś' (to point, show) with upasarga 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun.

बहूनि (bahūni) - many (other tasks/things) (many, much)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Implied object of 'sādhayet'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

साधयेत् (sādhayet) - can accomplish (he should accomplish, he might accomplish, he can achieve)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of sādh

root verb, class 10 (causative of class 5 'sādh'), Parasmaipada, 3rd singular Potential/Optative mood

Root: sādh (class 10)

Note: Expresses potential or capability.

पूर्वकार्यविरोधेन (pūrvakāryavirodhena) - without contradicting a previous undertaking (by opposition to a former task, by conflict with a previous undertaking)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pūrvakāryavirodha

pūrvakāryavirodha - opposition to a former task, conflict with a previous undertaking

Tatpuruṣa compound: pūrva (previous) + kārya (task) + virodha (opposition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+kārya+virodha)

• pūrva – previous, former, prior
  adjective (masculine)
• kārya – work, task, duty, that which is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ya'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• virodha – opposition, conflict, contradiction, hostility
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rudh' (to obstruct) with upasarga 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Implies 'without' due to the context of avoiding conflict.

सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - that task (the current one) (the task, the work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, task, business, duty, what is to be done

Gerundive

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ya'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kartum'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to perform (to do, to make, to perform)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of kṛ

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses purpose.

अर्हति (arhati) - is qualified, is fit (he deserves, he is able, he is qualified, he ought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

root verb, class 1, Parasmaipada

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Often takes an infinitive to express capability or fitness.

Previous Verse Next Verse