वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-17, verse-17

गृहीतामालितां स्तम्भे यूथपेन विनाकृताम् ।
निःश्वसन्तीं सुदुःखार्तां गजराजवधूमिव ॥१७॥

17. gṛhītāmālitāṃ stambhe yūthapena vinākṛtām ,
niḥśvasantīṃ suduḥkhārtāṃ gajarājavadhūmiva.

17. gr̥hītām ālitām stambhe yūthapena vinākr̥tām
niḥśvasantīm suduhkhārtām gajarājavadhūm iva

17. gr̥hītām ālitām stambhe yūthapena vinākr̥tām
niḥśvasantīm suduhkhārtām gajarājavadhūm iva

17. She was like a female elephant queen (gajarājavadhū) that is captured and tied to a pillar, separated from her herd leader, sighing, and greatly tormented by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्र्̥हीताम् (gr̥hītām) - captured/held (seized, taken, captured)

• आलिताम् (ālitām) - bound (tied, fastened)

• स्तम्भे (stambhe) - to a pillar (to a pillar, on a post)

• यूथपेन (yūthapena) - by the herd leader (male elephant) (by the leader of the herd)

• विनाक्र्̥ताम् (vinākr̥tām) - separated from (separated from, deprived of)

• निःश्वसन्तीम् (niḥśvasantīm) - sighing deeply (sighing, breathing out)

• सुदुह्खार्ताम् (suduhkhārtām) - intensely afflicted by sorrow, very distressed

• गजराजवधूम् (gajarājavadhūm) - an elephant queen (an elephant queen/female elephant)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्र्̥हीताम् (gr̥hītām) - captured/held (seized, taken, captured)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gr̥hītā

gr̥hīta - seized, captured, taken, held

Past Passive Participle

From root graha (to seize, take).

Root: grah (class 9)

आलिताम् (ālitām) - bound (tied, fastened)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ālitā

ālita - tied, fastened, embraced

Past Passive Participle

From root ā-li (to cling, tie).

Prefix: ā

Root: li (class 4)

स्तम्भे (stambhe) - to a pillar (to a pillar, on a post)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of stambha

stambha - pillar, post, column

From root stabh (to support).

Root: stambh (class 5)

यूथपेन (yūthapena) - by the herd leader (male elephant) (by the leader of the herd)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yūthapa

yūthapa - chief of a herd, a herd leader

yūtha (herd) + pa (protector/leader).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, flock, troop
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, keeper, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  From pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agent of vinākr̥tām.

विनाक्र्̥ताम् (vinākr̥tām) - separated from (separated from, deprived of)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vinākr̥tā

vinākr̥ta - separated from, deprived of, isolated

Past Passive Participle

vinā (without) + kr̥ta (made). Literally 'made without'.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (vinā+kr̥ta)

• vinā – without, except
  indeclinable
• kr̥ta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kr̥ (to do, make).
  Root: kr̥ (class 8)

Note: Modifies gajarājavadhūm.

निःश्वसन्तीम् (niḥśvasantīm) - sighing deeply (sighing, breathing out)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niḥśvasantī

niḥśvasant - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

From root śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis (out), śatr̥ suffix.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies gajarājavadhūm.

सुदुह्खार्ताम् (suduhkhārtām) - intensely afflicted by sorrow, very distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suduhkhārtā

suduhkhārta - very distressed by suffering

su- (very) + duhkha (suffering) + ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duhkha+ārta)

• su – good, excellent, very
  indeclinable
• duhkha – suffering, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root r̥ (to go, move, suffer).
  Root: r̥ (class 3)

Note: Modifies gajarājavadhūm.

गजराजवधूम् (gajarājavadhūm) - an elephant queen (an elephant queen/female elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gajarājavadhū

gajarājavadhū - a female elephant, an elephant queen

gaja (elephant) + rāja (king) + vadhū (bride/wife/female).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+rāja+vadhū)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaj (class 1)
• rājan – king, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Stem used in compound.
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• vadhū – bride, wife, woman, female (animal)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if)

(indeclinable)

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