वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-60, verse-5

अथावां युगपत् प्राप्तावपश्याव महीतले ।
रथचक्रप्रमाणानि नगराणि पृथक् पृथक् ॥५॥

5. athāvāṃ yugapat prāptāvapaśyāva mahītale ,
rathacakrapramāṇāni nagarāṇi pṛthak pṛthak.

5. atha āvām yugapat prāptau apaśyāva mahītale
rathacakrapramāṇāni nagarāṇi pṛthak pṛthak

5. atha āvām yugapat prāptau mahītale
rathacakrapramāṇāni nagarāṇi pṛthak pṛthak apaśyāva

5. Then, having arrived simultaneously, we two saw, on the surface of the earth, cities, each one the size of chariot wheels, separately.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover, and, here)

• आवाम् (āvām) - we two, both of us

• युगपत् (yugapat) - simultaneously, at the same time, together

• प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - having arrived (having arrived, having reached, obtained)

• अपश्याव (apaśyāva) - we two saw, we two beheld

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground, on the earth's surface

• रथचक्रप्रमाणानि (rathacakrapramāṇāni) - of the size of chariot wheels

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually, apart

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually, apart

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover, and, here)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of a new section or a consequential event.

आवाम् (āvām) - we two, both of us

(pronoun)

Nominative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Also accusative dual form for 'asmad'.

युगपत् (yugapat) - simultaneously, at the same time, together

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - having arrived (having arrived, having reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, achieved

past passive participle

Derived from root √āp (cl. 5, P.) with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Past Passive Participle functioning as an adjective, agreeing with the subject 'āvām'.

अपश्याव (apaśyāva) - we two saw, we two beheld

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of paś

imperfect past tense, 1st person dual

Derived from root √dṛś (cl. 1, P.) which takes 'paśya' stem in present/imperfect. Augment 'a' for imperfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महीतले (mahītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground, on the earth's surface

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, flat ground, plain, bottom
  noun (neuter)

रथचक्रप्रमाणानि (rathacakrapramāṇāni) - of the size of chariot wheels

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rathacakrapramāṇa

rathacakrapramāṇa - of the size of a chariot wheel

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ratha+cakra+pramāṇa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, discus, circle
  noun (neuter)
• pramāṇa – measure, size, dimension, standard
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'nagarāṇi'.

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Could also be nominative plural, but here it's the object of 'apaśyāva'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually, apart

(indeclinable)

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually, apart

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

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