वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-60, verse-1

ततस्तद्दारुणं कर्म दुष्करं साहसात् कृतम् ।
आचचक्षे मुनेः सर्वं सूर्यानुगमनं तथा ॥१॥

1. tatastaddāruṇaṃ karma duṣkaraṃ sāhasāt kṛtam ,
ācacakṣe muneḥ sarvaṃ sūryānugamanaṃ tathā.

1. tataḥ tat dāruṇam karma duṣkaram sāhasāt kṛtam
ācacackṣe muneḥ sarvam sūrya-anugamanam tathā

1. tataḥ dāruṇam duṣkaram sāhasāt kṛtam tat karma
tathā sūrya-anugamanam sarvam muneḥ ācacackṣe

1. Then he recounted to the sage (muni) that terrible deed (karma), which was difficult to accomplish and performed out of rashness, along with his pursuit of the sun.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• तत् (tat) - that (deed) (that, it)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, cruel)

• कर्म (karma) - deed (karma) (action, deed, ritual, result of actions)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to accomplish (difficult to do, hard to accomplish)

• साहसात् (sāhasāt) - out of rashness (from rashness, out of daring, by violence)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

• आचचच्क्षे (ācacackṣe) - he recounted (he related, he told, he narrated)

• मुनेः (muneḥ) - to the sage (muni) (of the sage, to the sage)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, whole, everything)

• सूर्य-अनुगमनम् (sūrya-anugamanam) - his pursuit of the sun (following the sun, pursuit of the sun)

• तथा (tathā) - along with (and also) (thus, so, also, in that way)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (deed) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the karma.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, cruel)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, cruel

Note: Modifies karma.

कर्म (karma) - deed (karma) (action, deed, ritual, result of actions)

(noun)

neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, ritual, result of actions

From root kṛ + man

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: One of the bracketed terms, as its meaning is profound in Indian philosophy.

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to accomplish (difficult to do, hard to accomplish)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

From dus- + √kṛ + a

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, causing
  adjective
  From √kṛ + a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies karma.

साहसात् (sāhasāt) - out of rashness (from rashness, out of daring, by violence)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rashness, daring, violence, adventure

Note: Indicates the cause or manner of the action.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies karma.

आचचच्क्षे (ācacackṣe) - he recounted (he related, he told, he narrated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ācakṣ

Perfect

From ā-cakṣ (√cakṣ) (2nd class, Ātmanepada)

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

मुनेः (muneḥ) - to the sage (muni) (of the sage, to the sage)

(noun)

masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one

Note: Used here in a dative sense 'to the sage'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, whole, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Functions as a noun here.

सूर्य-अनुगमनम् (sūrya-anugamanam) - his pursuit of the sun (following the sun, pursuit of the sun)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūryānugamana

sūryānugamana - following the sun, pursuit of the sun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+anugamana)

• sūrya – sun, the Sun god
  noun (masculine)
• anugamana – following, going after
  noun (neuter)
  From anu-gam + ana
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - along with (and also) (thus, so, also, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two narratives.

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