वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-60, verse-13

जटायुर्मामनापृच्छ्य निपपात महीं ततः ।
तं दृष्ट्वा तूर्णमाकाशादात्मानं मुक्तवानहम् ॥१३॥

13. jaṭāyurmāmanāpṛcchya nipapāta mahīṃ tataḥ ,
taṃ dṛṣṭvā tūrṇamākāśādātmānaṃ muktavānaham.

13. jaṭāyuḥ mām anāpṛcchya nipapāta mahīm tataḥ
tam dṛṣṭvā tūrṇam ākāśāt ātmanam muktavān aham

13. tataḥ jaṭāyuḥ mām anāpṛcchya mahīm nipapāta
aham tam dṛṣṭvā tūrṇam ākāśāt ātmanam muktavān

13. Then, Jaṭāyu fell to the earth without consulting me. Seeing him, I quickly released myself (ātman) from the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - The mythical vulture king from the Ramayana. (Jaṭāyu (name of a vulture))

• माम् (mām) - me, to me

• अनापृच्छ्य (anāpṛcchya) - without consulting, without asking

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down, descended

• महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Jaṭāyu. (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from the sky, from space

• आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - Refers to the speaker's own self. (oneself, the self (ātman))

• मुक्तवान् (muktavān) - released, set free

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker (I)

Words meanings and morphology

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - The mythical vulture king from the Ramayana. (Jaṭāyu (name of a vulture))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jaṭāyu (name of a vulture)

माम् (mām) - me, to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

अनापृच्छ्य (anāpṛcchya) - without consulting, without asking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix

From 'a-' (negative) + 'ā-pṛcchya' (absolutive of 'ā-pṛcch' - to ask/consult).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āpṛcchya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āpṛcchya – having asked/consulted
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  From prefix 'ā-' + root 'prach'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: prach (class 6)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down, descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nipat

Perfect active indicative

From prefix 'ni-' + root 'pat' (to fall). Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from there

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix '-tas' applied to 'tad' (that).

तम् (tam) - Refers to Jaṭāyu. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past passive participle of 'tvar' (to hasten), used as an adverb here.

Root: tvar (class 1)

आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from the sky, from space

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

From 'ā-' + 'kāś' (to shine).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - Refers to the speaker's own self. (oneself, the self (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

मुक्तवान् (muktavān) - released, set free

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muktavat

muktavat - one who has released, one who has freed

Past Active Participle

From root 'muc' (to release) + suffix 'vat'.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Functions as the verb with 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - The speaker (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

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